Divine Aleru, Microbiome Signatures Research Coordinator

This review synthesizes evidence linking lead, cadmium, and copper exposure to male and female infertility, detailing mechanisms of reproductive toxicity, epidemiological patterns, and the potential role of microbiome alterations as mediators and biomarkers of reproductive risk.

This cross-sectional study in American women found that higher urinary arsenic—and, to a lesser extent, cadmium—were associated with increased infertility risk, with lead exposure linked to infertility in older or overweight women, supporting the need for environmental exposure monitoring in reproductive health.

This review explores how metabolic risk factors—obesity, the female athlete triad, and oxidative stress—contribute to female infertility, highlighting associations with COS, endometriosis, and idiopathic infertility, and calling for improved metabolic assessment and molecular diagnostics in clinical practice.

This review synthesizes evidence on the multifactorial mechanisms underlying endometriosis-associated infertility, emphasizing inflammatory, hormonal, anatomical, and molecular drivers. It highlights advances in non-invasive diagnostics, individualized treatment, and the clinical promise of integrating molecular and microbiome signatures into care protocols for improved fertility outcomes.

This review details the multifactorial pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility, emphasizing molecular, genetic, and inflammatory mechanisms, and evaluates current and emerging treatments, including VF and novel regenerative therapies.

This case report describes a young woman with premature ovarian insufficiency who, despite infertility and diagnostic confirmation of OI, experienced spontaneous conception. The case underscores the unpredictable nature of OI and the need for ongoing investigation into its etiologies, including possible microbiome links.

A large-scale Taiwanese study found that upper and lower genital tract infections, but not comorbidities or bacterial vaginosis, independently increased infertility risk. ID and lower genital tract inflammation showed the strongest associations, emphasizing the critical role of reproductive tract infections in female infertility.

A Nigerian study found only 10% of reproductive-age women recognized the link between ID and infertility, despite high education levels. The findings emphasize the need for improved public health campaigns and highlight the microbial etiology—chiefly Chlamydia trachomatis—behind ID-related infertility.

This review details the polymicrobial pathogenesis of ID, its major microbial culprits—including both classical TIs and vaginal anaerobes—and underscores the high risk of infertility. Early diagnosis, broad-spectrum treatment, and awareness of microbiome shifts are key to reducing reproductive morbidity.

A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends in polycystic ovary syndrome (COS) and infertility reveals increasing publication rates, evolving research priorities, and key knowledge gaps, with growing emphasis on metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms relevant to microbiome research and clinical practice.

This review details the links between bacterial vaginosis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility, highlighting the role of vaginal and endometrial microbiota disruptions and their impact on reproductive outcomes and management strategies.

This study shows women with secondary infertility have persistently altered, less diverse vaginal microbiomes unresponsive to VF hormone stimulation. Increased Atopobium and decreased Lactobacillus may hinder VF success, suggesting microbiome-targeted interventions could benefit infertility care.

Microbiome dysbiosis and elevated miR-21-5p and miR-155-5p levels are strongly linked to unexplained infertility, suggesting their role as biomarkers. Correcting these microbiome imbalances could enhance fertility treatment success rates.

This study shows gut microbiota differences between fertile and infertile women, highlighting improved fertility outcomes with dietary fiber (HGG) supplementation that enhances beneficial gut bacteria, suggesting microbiome modulation as a viable strategy for improving reproductive success.

This study identified vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, marked by Lactobacillus iners dominance, in infertile women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Post-antibiotic recovery suggested microbiome restoration could enhance fertility outcomes, highlighting microbiota profiling as a diagnostic tool.

This review underscores the importance of genital tract microbiome composition in fertility, particularly Lactobacillus crispatus dominance, which is linked to better fertility outcomes. Dysbiosis and pathogens like Gardnerella are associated with infertility, suggesting microbiome profiling could be key in improving RT success.

This review connects genital microbiota dysbiosis to infertility, highlighting the role of Lactobacillus dominance in female fertility and microbial imbalances in seminal fluid affecting male fertility. It suggests personalized treatments targeting microbiome restoration could improve reproductive outcomes, especially in RT settings.

This study links the vaginal microbiome, particularly Lactobacillus crispatus dominance, to successful UI outcomes in idiopathic infertility. Dysbiosis, with an increase in Bifidobacterium, was associated with UI failure, suggesting the importance of vaginal microbiome evaluation in fertility treatments.

This study links endometrial microbiota composition to reproductive success in RT, showing that Lactobacillus dominance is associated with better outcomes, while dysbiosis with pathogens like Gardnerella and Klebsiella correlates with infertility. It suggests microbiota analysis as a tool for improving RT success.

This review summarizes the essential role of balanced reproductive microbiota, particularly Lactobacillus dominance, in fertility and VF success, linking microbial dysbiosis to infertility and poorer pregnancy outcomes, and highlighting microbiome evaluation as key to improving reproductive health management.

This study shows chronic endometritis significantly increases pregnancy complications in women with endometriosis-associated infertility. Placenta previa, gestational hypertension, and cesarean sections were notably higher, emphasizing the importance of diagnosing and managing E effectively for improved reproductive outcomes.

This study demonstrates a causal link between specific gut microbiota and infertility risks, identifying protective and harmful bacterial taxa in both men and women. It highlights the microbiome’s potential role in fertility management through targeted probiotics and lifestyle interventions.

The study confirmed causal links between specific gut microbiota and female reproductive tract inflammation and infertility. Notably, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus increased inflammation risks, while Butyricicoccus provided protection. Faecalibacterium heightened infertility risk, suggesting new targets for microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions.

Probiotics offer a promising microbiome-targeted intervention (BTI) for managing pelvic inflammatory disease (ID). By restoring beneficial Lactobacillus species and reducing inflammation, they directly counteract the microbial imbalances and immune dysregulation characteristic of ID. This article explores the therapeutic mechanisms of probiotics, their clinical validation, and how they reinforce the accuracy of ID’s microbiome signature as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.

Bacteriophage therapy presents a promising alternative to antibiotics for bacterial sexually transmitted infections, particularly against antibiotic-resistant strains like N. gonorrhoeae, through targeted bacterial destruction and minimal off-target effects, though significant clinical research and optimization remain essential for widespread application.

Vaginal microbiota transplantation (MT) successfully treats bacterial vaginosis by restoring Lactobacillus dominance, lowering vaginal pH, and inhibiting pathogens through nutritional competition, antimicrobial production, and enhanced epithelial adhesion, promising broad clinical applications for reproductive health.

Metformin emerges as a promising non-hormonal therapy for endometriosis, showing potent anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and fertility-enhancing effects, with significant symptom relief in limited clinical testing.

Metformin shows potential in treating endometriosis through anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative effects, and modulation of the gut microbiome. It could be a safe, effective alternative or adjunctive therapy, particularly in patients contraindicated for hormonal therapies or seeking fertility.

The study found a potent inhibitory effect against Chlamydia trachomatis infection using Lactobacillus brevis combined with lactoferrin, notably reducing bacterial adhesion, invasion, and inflammation. This indicates significant therapeutic potential in preventing chronic complications from genital infections.

Lactoferrin demonstrates significant antimicrobial and prebiotic activity in the female reproductive tract, promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogens, suggesting therapeutic potential for vaginal microbiota balance.

This review explores the impact of microbiome imbalances on infertility, with insights into microbial diagnostics and potential treatments to improve fertility outcomes.

This review investigates the potential of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (AM) in managing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (ID). Therapies like Chinese Herbal Medicine and acupuncture show promise in improving symptoms and reducing inflammation, making them valuable adjuncts to conventional treatments.

This review highlights the crucial interactions between gut microbiota and microRNAs in pelvic inflammatory disease, revealing novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Women with pelvic inflammatory disease have a higher risk of endometrial cancer, especially older and hypertensive women, highlighting the need for vigilant care.

Higher dietary copper intake significantly lowers the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in S. women, highlighting copper’s role in inflammation and reproductive health.

Higher dietary magnesium intake significantly reduces pelvic inflammatory disease risk in S. women, especially older adults, highlighting magnesium’s role in inflammation and reproductive health.

Kangfuxiaoyan suppository effectively treats chronic pelvic inflammatory disease by regulating key inflammatory and metabolic pathways, significantly reducing inflammation. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology clarify its therapeutic mechanisms, highlighting specific active ingredients and metabolic biomarkers for potential clinical use.

This study shows volatile oil from Prunella vulgaris effectively reduces pelvic inflammation by correcting metabolic disruptions in a rat ID model, highlighting key inflammatory metabolites as biomarkers and suggesting therapeutic potential for herbal treatments in ID management.

This study identifies key differences in the vaginal microbiome of women with ID, emphasizing a significant reduction in Lactobacillus and an increase in polymicrobial infections. The findings underscore the importance of microbiome management in diagnosing and treating ID.

This study identifies microbial differences in women with ID based on UD use, highlighting a higher presence of anaerobic bacteria in UD users and an increased risk of ID complications. These findings emphasize the need for careful monitoring of UD users and further research into the microbiome’s role in ID development.

This study identifies key bacterial pathogens associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (ID) in Abuja, Nigeria, highlighting the effectiveness of Cefotaxime in treatment. The research also stresses the role of socio-demographic factors in ID prevalence and calls for targeted health interventions.

This study identifies key socio-demographic factors associated with ID in women of reproductive age, highlighting the need for better education, healthcare access, and early intervention. It underscores the importance of targeting high-risk groups, including young, uneducated, and economically disadvantaged women, for improved reproductive health outcomes.

This meta-analysis reveals a significant association between pelvic inflammatory disease (ID) and an increased risk of ovarian cancer. The link is particularly strong among Asian women, with implications for early detection and prevention strategies, especially for borderline ovarian tumors.

This nationwide study from Taiwan demonstrates that women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (ID) are at a significantly higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. The study highlights the importance of monitoring and early screening for ovarian cancer in women with ID, particularly those aged 40 and above.

This review highlights how vaginal microbiota imbalance, particularly bacterial vaginosis, significantly increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. Advanced molecular methods have identified diverse microbes linked to ID, emphasizing the importance of microbiome health in preventing serious reproductive infections.

This study identified a declining trend in emergency department diagnoses of ID among North Carolina women from 2008-2017. Persistent disparities emerged among young, low-income, and publicly insured women, underscoring the need for improved screening, reporting, and public health interventions to reduce ID’s serious reproductive consequences.

Family practice perspectives highlight challenges diagnosing ID, advocating enhanced clinical suspicion, multi-antibiotic treatment adherence, and regular screening for asymptomatic infections to minimize severe reproductive complications such as infertility and ectopic pregnancies.

This review highlights ID’s diagnostic challenges, microbiological associations, and evidence-based treatment guidelines. It emphasizes routine screening for chlamydia to reduce disease incidence, focusing clinicians on adopting comprehensive strategies aligned with current DC recommendations to effectively manage and prevent ID and its severe reproductive complications.

This study highlights significant gaps in gynecologists’ knowledge regarding Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (ID). Misdiagnosis, inadequate treatment duration, and poor adherence to guidelines were noted. Enhanced training and culturally adapted guidelines are urgently recommended to address misconceptions and improve patient outcomes.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (ID) is a complex interplay between pathogens, immune responses, and microbial communities. As research continues to uncover the microbiome’s role in reproductive health, microbiome-targeted interventions (BTIs) such as probiotics, prebiotics, and transplants are redefining how we prevent and treat ID. This page dives deep into these innovations, offering a glimpse into the future of personalized, biologically informed women’s healthcare.

This systematic review explores the impact of diet and nutritional supplementation on perinatal depression (PD), highlighting protective effects from healthy dietary patterns, omega-3s, and micronutrients like Vitamin D and selenium, but emphasizes the need for further research.

This review explores the clinical, psychological, and pharmacological treatment options for postpartum depression (PD), focusing on antidepressants, therapy, and alternative treatments like omega-3s and exercise, highlighting the importance of early intervention and individualized care for new mothers.

This study explores how 919 syrup, a Chinese herbal remedy, alleviates postpartum depression (PD) by modulating the gut microbiome and hippocampal ABA metabolism, offering a novel treatment approach.

This study demonstrates that Lactobacillus rhamnosus N001 reduces symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety, providing a potential non-pharmaceutical treatment for new mothers.

This review investigates the relationship between gut microbiota and perinatal depression, highlighting how nutrition and probiotics may help regulate mood disorders during pregnancy and postpartum.

This study identifies gut microbiota and blood metabolites causally associated with postpartum depression, revealing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PD.

What was reviewed?The review was a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of iron supplementation in treating postpartum depression (PD). The review seeks to analyze randomized controlled trials (CTs) to gather evidence on the benefits of iron supplementation for PD, as iron deficiency has been associated with increased risks […]

The study explored the impact of iron deficiency anemia on postpartum cognitive and emotional health. Iron supplementation significantly improved depression, stress, and cognitive performance in anemic mothers, with potential implications for maternal and infant health.

This study highlights the role of gestational iron supplementation in alleviating depressive-like behavior in postpartum rats, showing improvements in neuronal health and mood regulation. It suggests that addressing maternal iron deficiency may be a promising strategy for managing postpartum depression.

What was reviewed?This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that investigates the association between anemia (both postpartum anemia and anemia during pregnancy) and postpartum depression (PD). The review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment by synthesizing findings from multiple studies to evaluate whether anemia increases the risk of developing PD in women.Who was reviewed?The […]

This study demonstrates that low serum zinc levels correlate with increased severity of postpartum depression, suggesting the potential benefits of zinc supplementation in postpartum care.

Postpartum zinc supplementation shows promise in reducing postpartum depression risk and improving maternal zinc levels, though it may cause transient hematological changes when combined with iron.

This review links prenatal chemical exposures to perinatal depression and anxiety through microbiome disruption and neuroinflammation. Environmental chemicals alter the gut-brain axis, emphasizing the need for integrative, preventative maternal mental health strategies.

This study demonstrates significant associations between prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposure and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms, highlighting increased vulnerability among women with hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Findings support integrating environmental health assessments into postpartum mental health strategies.

This review highlights how gut microbiota disruptions contribute to postpartum depression via hormonal, inflammatory, and neurochemical pathways. It supports microbial modulation as a novel, noninvasive treatment strategy.

This review explores how deficiencies or imbalances in zinc, magnesium, iron, and copper contribute to postpartum depression. It supports trace element supplementation as a nonpharmacologic treatment strategy and calls for further research to solidify clinical protocols and explore microbiome interactions.

This study identifies significant barriers preventing women from seeking help for postpartum depression, notably stigma and socio-cultural factors. Active help-seeking behaviors significantly increase diagnosis rates, highlighting the importance of mental health education and stigma-reduction efforts, especially among Pacific Islander women and those with intended pregnancies.

This review emphasizes peripartum depression as distinct from general depression, featuring pronounced anxiety, psychomotor symptoms, and obsessive thoughts, urging expanded diagnostic criteria to cover the full peripartum year and specific maternal symptomatology, crucial for improved diagnosis and tailored intervention.

This review explores women’s experiences with psychological treatments for postpartum depression, emphasizing the importance of personalized care, supportive relationships, and social support systems. It highlights the positive outcomes of treatments like BT and home visits, while stressing the need for flexibility and empathy in treatment delivery.

This review examines how cultural factors influence postpartum depression, identifying both protective and harmful cultural practices. It emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive care and highlights the role of social support systems in mitigating depressive symptoms.

This umbrella review synthesizes research on postpartum depression risk factors, highlighting prenatal depression and current abuse as the strongest predictors. It emphasizes the need for targeted screening and early intervention to improve maternal health and outcomes for both mothers and their children.

This review analyzes the risk factors for postpartum depression (PD), highlighting key predictors such as a history of depression, lack of support, gestational diabetes, and birth complications. It calls for early screening and targeted interventions to address PD and mitigate its long-term effects on mothers and children.

This comprehensive review of postpartum depression (PD) explores its pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatment options. It emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and further research into the neurobiological causes of PD to improve prevention and treatment strategies.

This review examines the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Vietnam, highlighting significant socio-economic, cultural, and personal contributors. It calls for early screening and more comprehensive support for mothers, especially in rural areas.

This systematic review examines postpartum depression in Arab countries, revealing varying prevalence rates and highlighting socio-economic, marital, and health-related factors as major risk predictors. It advocates for routine screening and culturally sensitive interventions to address PD effectively.

This review explores the prevalence of postpartum depression (PD) among African mothers, highlighting significant variation across countries and the need for culturally validated diagnostic tools to improve screening and treatment in postpartum care.

Postpartum depression (PD) affects many new mothers, influencing emotional, mental, and physical well-being. The gut microbiome, hormones, diet, and exercise all play a significant role in the onset, severity, and management of PD. Early intervention, including probiotics, dietary changes, and therapy, can effectively alleviate symptoms and improve maternal and child health outcomes.

Probiotics have emerged as a promising microbiome-targeted intervention (BTI) for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VC), addressing both microbial imbalances and the host’s immunological and inflammatory mechanisms. By restoring a healthy Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota, probiotics directly counteract dysbiosis linked to VC, while their bioactive metabolites such as lactic acid and bacteriocins suppress Candida overgrowth and modulate local immune […]

This review discusses vaginal microbiota imbalance in vulvovaginal candidiasis and evaluates probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and vaginal microbiota transplantation as novel treatments to improve outcomes and reduce antifungal resistance.

The study showed Candida albicans can resist and efficiently biosorb heavy metals, especially chromium, from contaminated water and soil. Optimal removal depends on pH, temperature, biomass state, and carbon source, highlighting C. albicans as a promising bioremediation agent for heavy metal pollution.

This review examines metal nanoparticles as innovative antifungal agents against Candida albicans. It highlights their multi-target actions, synergistic potential with antifungal drugs, and drug delivery benefits while emphasizing the need for further safety studies and clinical validation to combat resistance and biofilm-related infections.

This study explored AGINNE®, a Lactobacillus fermentation broth, showing strong anti-Candida and anti-inflammatory effects in mice with VC. It enhanced microbiome health and reduced proinflammatory cytokines, highlighting a promising probiotic alternative to antifungal drugs.

This review assesses management strategies for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, highlighting the limitations of current antifungal treatments, rising resistance concerns, and potential novel therapies. Emphasis is placed on accurate diagnostics, microbiome considerations, and individualized treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes.

This review clarifies mechanisms behind vulvovaginal candidiasis, emphasizing candidalysin-driven inflammation, microbiome complexity, and the potential of inflammasome-targeted therapies. It highlights Candida albicans’ dominance, underscores mixed roles for Lactobacillus, and suggests personalized treatments and vaccine strategies as essential future directions in managing VC.

This review clarifies the role of vaginal microbiota in health and recurrent infections, highlighting Lactobacillus complexity, pathogen interactions, and the need for personalized diagnostic and treatment approaches. It calls for deeper exploration into fungal and parasitic vaginal microbiome components to enhance understanding and clinical care of recurrent vulvovaginal infections.

This contemporary survey validates historical data on VC/VVC prevalence, identifying common symptoms, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. It highlights antibiotics as a major risk factor and emphasizes the superior efficacy of physician-managed care compared to self-treatment, reinforcing the need for ongoing improvements in management strategies.

This review consolidates current knowledge on vulvovaginal candidosis, highlighting Candida albicans virulence factors, diagnostic challenges, and the need for precise clinical differentiation between colonization and infection. It advocates for microbiome-informed diagnostics, improved management strategies, and future research into antifungal resistance and novel therapeutic options.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VC) is a common fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. Disruptions in the vaginal microbiome and immune responses contribute to its development. Effective treatment involves both antifungal therapy and strategies to restore microbiome balance, preventing recurrent infections and addressing emerging antifungal resistance.

This review highlights the role of diet and micronutrients in modulating MS symptoms, showing potential benefits of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and B vitamins, while emphasizing the need for personalized nutritional approaches and further microbiome-focused research.

This study found that adherence to the Traditional South China Diet, rich in rice and animal proteins, is linked to reduced premenstrual disorders. Dietary patterns may influence MD symptoms, suggesting the potential for tailored nutrition and microbiome-targeted therapies in management.

MS and MDD stem from neuroendocrine and neurochemical imbalances, especially altered allopregnanolone and ABA activity. Hormonal and neuroactive therapies improve symptoms, while microbiome and neuroinflammation represent promising research areas.

Management of comorbid MDD and bipolar disorder requires mood stabilization first, cautious use of antidepressants, hormonal therapy, and adjunctive psychotherapy. Evidence is limited, highlighting the need for personalized, multidisciplinary care and further research.

This review identifies impaired sensitivity of ABA-A receptors to the neurosteroid allopregnanolone as central to MDD, linking receptor plasticity and stress dysregulation to mood symptoms, and highlights promising treatments targeting this pathway.

This study identified specific gut microbiota alterations, including reduced butyrate- and ABA-producing bacteria, associated with premenstrual disorder severity, offering new insights into MD pathophysiology and potential microbiome-targeted treatments.

Among Ethiopian female university students, MDD affects nearly two-thirds and links strongly to severe menstrual pain, irregular cycles, low social support, and contraceptive use. Early identification and comprehensive care are essential to alleviate its academic and psychological impacts.

Among Ethiopian high school girls, MDD affects one-third, linked to irregular cycles, depression, prolonged menstruation, and stress. Early screening and mental health support are crucial to improving well-being and academic success.

Hungarian women with probable MDD experience high rates of anxio-depressive symptoms and reduced well-being. Retrospective screening suggests higher-than-expected prevalence, highlighting the need for better diagnostic tools and tailored treatment to address this underrecognized disorder.

What was reviewed?This paper reviewed the neurological basis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (MDD), emphasizing its recognition as a distinct mood disorder linked to menstrual cycle hormonal fluctuations. It summarized advances in brain imaging and neurophysiological studies demonstrating altered brain function in MDD patients, particularly in prefrontal cortex regions involved in executive function and emotion regulation. […]

Women with MS/MDD experience disrupted biological rhythms, notably lower melatonin, higher nighttime temperature, and poor sleep quality. These circadian disturbances contribute to symptom severity, suggesting chronobiological targets for improved diagnosis and treatment.

This review delineates MDD’s unique neurobiology, highlighting hormone sensitivity, ABAergic dysfunction, and stress interaction. SRIs provide rapid symptom relief, with hormonal and behavioral therapies complementing care. It emphasizes precise diagnosis and individualized, multidisciplinary treatment to improve outcomes in this debilitating disorder.