Research feed 
Overview 
Microbiome Signature 
Interventions 
FAQs 
Research Feed 
References Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
I am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
-
Divine Aleru
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
Overview
Menopausal hot flashes (HFs) are a common and disruptive symptom experienced by women transitioning through menopause, defined by sudden, intense sensations of heat, often accompanied by sweating, flushing, anxiety, and chills. It affects approximately 85% of menopausal women, with duration and severity varying widely by geography, genetics, and lifestyle.[1] These episodes usually last 1 to 5 minutes, and while estrogen depletion is a key factor in their onset, the exact mechanism remains elusive. The hypothalamus, responsible for regulating body temperature, becomes dysregulated during menopause, leading to an exaggerated response to small increases in core body temperature, causing excessive vasodilation and sweating.[2] Recent research has suggested that other factors, such as neurokinin B, serotonin, norepinephrine, and inflammation, may also contribute to the severity and frequency of hot flashes, further complicating their pathophysiology.[3] While these episodes are most common during perimenopause, they can persist for years after menopause, significantly impacting a woman’s quality of life, leading to sleep disturbances, mood changes, and increased anxiety.
Associated Conditions
Hot flashes are often linked with a range of comorbid conditions, particularly sleep disturbances such as chronic insomnia, as hot flashes occurring at night, also known as night sweats, disrupt sleep patterns.[4][5] Studies show that women with severe hot flashes are more likely to experience insomnia, which worsens the overall health impact of these vasomotor symptoms. The presence of hot flashes has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis.[6] The vasomotor instability caused by hot flashes can lead to endothelial dysfunction, increasing susceptibility to heart disease and contributing to poor lipid profiles.[7] The comorbidities linked to hot flashes highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to managing menopausal symptoms, taking into account both physical and emotional health.
Causes
The exact cause of menopausal hot flashes is not fully understood. Still, estrogen deficiency is considered the primary factor, as the decrease in estrogen during menopause disrupts the hypothalamic regulation of body temperature.[8] However, estrogen alone does not fully explain the onset or persistence of hot flashes, as the severity and frequency do not correlate directly with estrogen levels. Emerging theories suggest that neurovascular dysregulation plays a significant role, with the autonomic nervous system becoming overly sensitive to small increases in body temperature, triggering excessive vasodilation and sweating.[9] Additionally, neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly involving serotonin and norepinephrine, are believed to affect hypothalamic function and contribute to the thermoregulatory dysfunction seen in hot flashes. Inflammation, marked by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-8, has also been implicated in more severe hot flashes, suggesting that systemic inflammation may contribute to the severity of these symptoms.[10] However, these theories remain under investigation, with further research needed to confirm their exact role in the pathogenesis of hot flashes.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing hot flashes primarily relies on self-reports from patients, where they track the frequency and severity of episodes. In clinical settings, objective measures such as skin conductance, thermography, and skin temperature measurements are also used to validate self-reports.[11] These methods provide insight into the physiological changes that occur during a hot flash, such as increased sweating and blood flow to the skin. In recent years, biomarkers have been explored as potential diagnostic tools, with studies suggesting that elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-8, are associated with the severity of hot flashes.[12] While these objective markers hold promise for a more accurate diagnosis, further research is needed to establish reliable, non-invasive diagnostic methods for hot flashes. The inclusion of these biomarkers, along with improved patient tracking, could provide a more precise understanding of the condition’s severity and contribute to more targeted treatment approaches.
Primer
Hot flashes are a prominent symptom during the menopausal transition, caused by a complex interplay of hormonal changes, neurovascular dysregulation, and, possibly, inflammation. The decrease in estrogen levels disrupts the hypothalamus’s ability to regulate body temperature, leading to exaggerated thermoregulatory responses, such as vasodilation and sweating.[13] These episodes can vary in severity, duration, and frequency, affecting women differently based on various factors, including genetics, ethnicity, and lifestyle.[14][15] While estrogen deficiency remains the primary cause, the role of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine, along with inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-8, is increasingly recognized in the pathophysiology of hot flashes.[16] The impact of these symptoms on a woman’s quality of life is profound, leading to sleep disturbances, anxiety, and long-term health risks, which underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies that address both the physiological and psychological aspects of menopause.[17]
Metallomic Signature
Exposure to environmental contaminants, including heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, and lead, has been shown to influence hormonal regulation and may exacerbate menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes.[18] Studies have indicated that these metals, which are ubiquitous in the environment, can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, potentially leading to earlier onset menopause and more severe vasomotor symptoms. For example, higher urinary levels of lead and mercury have been associated with lower estradiol (E2) levels and higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in midlife women. Such hormonal alterations suggest that exposure to heavy metals may accelerate ovarian aging, contributing to more pronounced hot flashes during the menopausal transition.[19] Moreover, smoking, both active and passive,, has been identified as a major contributor to heavy metal exposure, particularly cadmium, which is found in tobacco smoke. Smokers are more likely to have elevated levels of cadmium, and this metal has been linked to changes in reproductive hormones, including lower E2 and altered FSH levels.[20] Interestingly, even non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke show increased metal exposure and worsened vasomotor symptoms, highlighting the broad impact of environmental contaminants on menopausal health. The interplay between smoking, metal exposure, and menopausal symptoms underscores the need for a more integrated approach to managing these factors, especially as women undergo menopause.
Metabolomic Signatures
Phthalates have been implicated in influencing menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes. Studies have shown that exposure to phthalate metabolites, particularly those from personal care products, correlates with an increased risk of experiencing hot flashes in midlife women. Phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are metabolized into various compounds that have been associated with hormone disruption, particularly influencing estradiol levels.[21] This hormone imbalance is a known driver of hot flashes, as the drop in estradiol during menopause is thought to contribute to the vasomotor symptoms of the condition. In a study of midlife women, higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, particularly those associated with plasticizers, were found to increase the odds of experiencing hot flashes.[22] The associations between phthalate metabolites and hot flashes were particularly strong in women with lower body mass indexe (BMI) and those with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that phthalate exposure, through its impact on reproductive hormones, might exacerbate menopausal symptoms, especially in susceptible populations.[23] The mechanism by which phthalates contribute to hot flashes likely involves hormonal disruptions, where phthalates, particularly DEHP and its metabolites, decrease estradiol and progesterone levels.
Microbiome Signature: Menopausal Hot Flashes
Interventions
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in microbiome-targeted interventions, as gut health has been shown to influence hormonal regulation and inflammation, which may contribute to the severity of hot flashes. Dietary changes, probiotics, and other microbiome-modulating interventions have been studied for their potential to reduce menopausal symptoms, with some promising results. For example, low-fat plant-based diets rich in phytoestrogens, particularly soybeans, have been associated with improvements in hot flash frequency, potentially through modulation of gut microbiota. Emerging evidence suggests that manipulating gut bacteria involved in estrogen metabolism, like Prevotella and Clostridium, can influence the severity of hot flashes. This area of research highlights the need for a holistic approach to managing menopause, incorporating both hormonal and non-hormonal therapies that target the gut-brain axis and hormonal pathways.
| Interventions | Mechanisms of Action | MBTI Status |
|---|---|---|
| Phytoestrogens (e.g., Salvia Officinalis) | Probiotics modulate gut microbiota composition, influencing estrogen metabolism and inflammatory pathways.[24] Potentially reduces hot flash frequency by regulating gut health and improving hormonal balance.[25] | Promising Candidate |
| Probiotics | Probiotics modulates gut microbiota composition, influencing estrogen metabolism and inflammatory pathways.[26] Potentially reduces hot flash frequency by regulating gut health and improving hormonal balance.[27] | Experimental |
| Synbiotics | Modulates the gut-brain axis, influencing mood and vasomotor symptoms through a balance of beneficial bacteria and dietary fibers, potentially reducing hot flash frequency.[28] | Experimental |
| SSRIs | SSRIs modulates serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, potentially reducing hot flash frequency and severity through mood regulation and thermoregulatory effects.[29] | Validated |
| Low-fat Vegan Diet | Reduces dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Modulation of AGEs may alleviate hot flashes.[30][31] | Experimental |
| Herbal Tea (e.g., Lavender, Humulus Lupulus) | Utilizes compounds like phytoestrogens and antioxidants to modulate hormonal and thermoregulatory pathways, potentially reducing hot flash intensity.[32][33] | Promising Candidate |
| Metformin | Metformin reduces insulin resistance, stabilizes blood glucose levels, and may alleviate hot flashes by preventing glucose fluctuations, which can trigger thermoregulatory responses.[34] | Promising Candidate |
| Dietary Change (Low-fat, plant-based) | Modulates gut microbiota, enhancing estrogen metabolism and potentially reducing hot flash frequency by promoting the growth of gut bacteria that produce phytoestrogens and other metabolites involved in estrogenic activity.[35] | Under Investigation |
FAQs
How does the microbiome influence menopausal hot flashes?
How does the microbiome influence menopausal hot flashes?
The gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of bacteria residing in the digestive tract, plays a crucial role in regulating estrogen metabolism and influencing systemic inflammation—both of which are important factors in the onset and severity of menopausal hot flashes. Certain bacteria in the gut, collectively referred to as the estrobolome, are involved in the biotransformation of estrogens into metabolites that can either activate or deactivate estrogen receptors. When the microbiome is in balance, it helps maintain estrogen levels, which can reduce the frequency and intensity of hot flashes. However, when the gut microbiota becomes imbalanced, a condition known as dysbiosis, it can disrupt estrogen metabolism and increase inflammation, which may worsen hot flashes. Some studies have shown that diets high in fiber, polyphenols, and fermented foods, which promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, can alleviate menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes. Modulating the gut microbiome through probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions holds promise as a non-hormonal approach to managing hot flashes, especially for women who cannot or choose not to undergo hormone replacement therapy.
How can blood glucose management help with hot flashes, and is there a link between insulin resistance and hot flash severity?
How can blood glucose management help with hot flashes, and is there a link between insulin resistance and hot flash severity?
Blood glucose management is increasingly recognized as a key factor in reducing hot flash severity during menopause. Fluctuations in blood glucose levels, particularly when blood sugar drops between meals, can trigger hot flashes in susceptible women. This is due to the impaired glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which becomes more pronounced during menopause due to estrogen decline. A stable blood glucose level helps maintain proper brain function and thermoregulation, reducing the likelihood of hot flashes. Studies have shown that women who manage their blood glucose levels through regular meals and a balanced diet experience fewer hot flashes. Additionally, there is evidence that insulin resistance, which often occurs during menopause due to metabolic changes, can exacerbate hot flash severity. Managing blood glucose levels through dietary changes, physical activity, and, if necessary, medication, can help alleviate hot flashes by preventing blood sugar dips and reducing insulin resistance. This makes blood glucose regulation a crucial part of managing menopausal symptoms effectively.
What are the long-term health effects of hot flashes beyond the discomfort they cause?
What are the long-term health effects of hot flashes beyond the discomfort they cause?
Hot flashes are more than just an uncomfortable symptom of menopause; they can have lasting effects on a woman’s overall health. Chronic hot flashes have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the vasomotor instability they cause, such as rapid fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate. The frequent dilation and constriction of blood vessels can put extra strain on the cardiovascular system, leading to long-term health issues. Additionally, the sleep disturbances caused by night sweats and hot flashes can lead to chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Over time, these compounded effects can significantly lower a woman’s quality of life. Studies have also linked severe and frequent hot flashes to higher rates of osteoporosis and bone fractures. This is partly because estrogen plays a protective role in maintaining bone density, and its decline during menopause, coupled with the stress of hot flashes, may accelerate bone loss. Managing hot flashes through lifestyle modifications, dietary interventions, or non-hormonal therapies can help reduce these risks and improve long-term health outcomes.
Research Feed
A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome
A plant-based diet with soy reduces hot flashes in postmenopausal women, potentially by modulating gut bacteria linked to inflammation and estrogen metabolism.
What was studied?
This exploratory study investigated the impact of a low-fat, plant-based dietary intervention including daily cooked soybeans on the frequency and severity of postmenopausal hot flashes, with a particular focus on the role of the gut microbiome. The study aimed to identify microbial changes associated with symptom improvements, especially changes in bacteria known to influence estrogen metabolism and inflammation.
Who was studied?
The study enrolled 84 postmenopausal women aged 40–65 years experiencing at least two moderate-to-severe hot flashes per day. Participants were randomly assigned either to follow the dietary intervention or to continue their usual diets for 12 weeks. Gut microbiome analyses using deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing were conducted on stool samples from a subset of 11 women from the intervention group, collected before and after the dietary period.
Most important findings
The dietary intervention resulted in a dramatic 95% reduction in total hot flashes and a 96% decrease in moderate-to-severe hot flashes. Significant decreases were observed in both daytime and nighttime hot flashes. Although overall microbial diversity (alpha and beta diversity) did not change significantly, specific taxa exhibited changes in relative abundance. Notably, decreases in Porphyromonas and Prevotella corporis correlated with reductions in severe daytime hot flashes, and decreases in Clostridium asparagiforme correlated with reductions in total severe and severe nighttime hot flashes. These bacteria are linked to inflammatory pathways and estrogen metabolism. Increases in genera such as Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusicatenibacter, and Holdemanella, known for anti-inflammatory effects and fiber fermentation, were also observed. The plant-based diet rich in fiber and soy isoflavones likely modulated the microbiome to reduce systemic inflammation and improve estrogen receptor-mediated signaling, contributing to symptom relief. However, after correction for multiple testing, these associations were not statistically significant, highlighting the exploratory nature of the findings.
Key implications
This study provides preliminary evidence linking dietary modulation of the gut microbiome to reductions in menopausal vasomotor symptoms. The findings suggest that plant-based diets with soy may beneficially alter gut bacteria involved in inflammation and estrogen metabolism, offering a potential non-hormonal therapeutic avenue for hot flash management. Larger, controlled studies are necessary to confirm these microbiome-symptom relationships and to explore personalized dietary strategies targeting gut microbiota for menopausal symptom relief.
The effect of dietary intake on hot flashes in menopausal women
December 16, 2015
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study examines how dietary intake affects hot flash frequency in postmenopausal women. It finds that stable blood glucose levels, achieved through regular meals, reduce hot flash occurrences, suggesting dietary modifications as a potential treatment for menopausal symptoms.
What was studied?
This study examines the relationship between dietary intake and the frequency of hot flashes in postmenopausal women. The research investigates how blood glucose levels fluctuate before and after meals, and how these fluctuations correlate with the occurrence and severity of hot flashes. Two different studies, a controlled experimental design and an observational study, were used to explore this connection. The controlled study involved blood glucose manipulation in postmenopausal women, while the observational study required participants to document their food intake and hot flash occurrences over a 24-hour period.
Who was studied?
The study included postmenopausal women, aged 40 to 55, who were symptomatic and experienced daily hot flashes. The controlled study had a smaller sample of 10 participants, while the observational study had 21 participants. The women were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, including their daily experience of hot flashes, absence of hormone therapy use, and a lack of smoking history. Most participants were between 50-54 years of age, and the majority were Caucasian, with a few African American women included. The controlled study was performed in a clinical research center, while the observational study was conducted in a community setting.
Most important findings
The study found that hot flashes were more frequent when participants' blood glucose levels were lower, particularly in the 30 minutes before meals. In the controlled study, hot flashes were observed less frequently after meals, when blood glucose levels were higher. The observational study reinforced these findings, showing that the frequency of hot flashes increased as the time between meals grew longer. The results support the hypothesis that low blood glucose levels contribute to the occurrence of hot flashes, suggesting that maintaining stable blood glucose levels through regular meals could help reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes.
Key implications
The study provides evidence that dietary intake, particularly maintaining stable blood glucose levels, may help alleviate the frequency and severity of hot flashes in postmenopausal women. This finding presents an opportunity for healthcare providers to focus on dietary interventions as an alternative or supplement to hormone therapy for managing hot flashes. Future research should explore dietary recommendations that can help stabilize blood glucose levels throughout the day, as well as the potential role of lifestyle changes such as meal timing and nutrient selection.
The effect of herbal tea capsule on menopause hot flashes
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study demonstrates that herbal tea capsules significantly reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of hot flashes in postmenopausal women, offering a promising natural alternative to hormone therapy for managing menopausal symptoms.
What was studied?
This study investigates the effect of herbal tea capsules on reducing hot flashes in postmenopausal women. Researchers conducted a randomized clinical trial with 82 women experiencing hot flashes. One group received 450 mg of herbal tea capsules daily, while the other group received placebo capsules. The study measured the severity, duration, and frequency of hot flashes before, 4 weeks after, and 8 weeks after the intervention to assess the effectiveness of the herbal tea in alleviating menopausal symptoms.
Who was studied?
The study involved 82 women, aged 45 to 60, who had been experiencing hot flashes for at least three months. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving herbal tea capsules and the other receiving placebo capsules. The inclusion criteria required participants to have frequent hot flashes, with at least three occurrences per day, and no recent use of hormone therapy or other treatments for menopausal symptoms.
Most important findings
The study found that women who took the herbal tea capsules experienced a significant reduction in the frequency, duration, and severity of their hot flashes compared to the placebo group. After 4 weeks of intervention, the herbal tea group showed a notable improvement in hot flash symptoms, and by the 8-week mark, the reductions were even more significant. The severity and frequency of hot flashes in the herbal tea group decreased dramatically, while the placebo group showed little to no change. These results suggest that herbal tea capsules may be an effective and non-invasive alternative for managing hot flashes in postmenopausal women.
Key implications
The findings of this study highlight the potential of herbal remedies, particularly herbal tea, as a safe, cost-effective, and non-invasive treatment for hot flashes in postmenopausal women. Given the widespread acceptance of herbal products and the concerns about the side effects of hormone therapy, this study provides evidence supporting the use of herbal tea capsules for managing menopausal symptoms. Healthcare providers may consider recommending herbal supplements like these to women seeking natural alternatives for alleviating hot flashes and improving their quality of life during menopause.
Menopause hot flashes and molecular mechanisms modulated by food-derived nutrients
February 26, 2024
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This review discusses how food-derived nutrients modulate molecular mechanisms related to hot flashes in menopause, identifying dietary compounds that may offer effective, natural alternatives to hormonal treatments.
What was studied?
This review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying hot flashes during menopause, with a focus on how food-derived nutrients can modulate these mechanisms. It explores the role of various molecular pathways and genetic factors involved in hot flashes, including the kisspeptin-GnRH pathway, aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, and the effects of inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress, and glucose availability. The authors also analyze how specific food components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), flavonoids, and carotenoids, may influence these pathways to alleviate hot flashes.
Who was studied?
The review synthesizes findings from numerous studies involving both human populations and animal models. It references genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of menopausal women and animal studies on the effects of food-derived compounds. The review also draws from research involving the impact of dietary nutrients on gene expression and cell signaling in neuronal and hypothalamic models, focusing on women experiencing menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes.
Most important findings
The study found that certain food-derived nutrients, such as equol, genistein, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can modulate pathways that affect hot flashes, like the kisspeptin-GnRH pathway and oxidative stress. Nutrients such as curcumin and vitamin E have shown promising effects in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are believed to play a role in the occurrence of hot flashes. The research also highlights the potential for compounds like quercetin, resveratrol, and apigenin to activate enzymes that may help mitigate symptoms by affecting estrogen metabolism and signaling pathways. The review suggests that these compounds could offer a natural alternative for managing menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes.
Key implications
The findings suggest that dietary interventions, particularly those focused on specific nutrients, could serve as effective natural treatments for managing hot flashes during menopause. By modulating key molecular pathways and cell signaling mechanisms, food-derived nutrients can provide a non-hormonal alternative to alleviate symptoms associated with menopausal transition.
Dietary advanced glycation end-products and postmenopausal hot flashes
March 24, 2023
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study shows that reducing dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) through a plant-based diet significantly reduces hot flashes in postmenopausal women, offering a non-hormonal alternative for managing menopausal symptoms.
What was studied?
This study investigates the effects of dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on postmenopausal hot flashes. It specifically explores the impact of a low-fat, plant-based diet, including daily soybean consumption, on the frequency and severity of hot flashes in postmenopausal women. The analysis is a post-hoc analysis from a 12-week randomized clinical trial, in which participants were assigned to either the intervention group (following the plant-based diet) or the control group (maintaining their usual diet). Dietary AGEs were estimated based on participants' food intake, and the correlation between AGEs and hot flash frequency and severity was analyzed.
Who was studied?
The study involved 84 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 who reported at least two moderate-to-severe hot flashes daily. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group followed a low-fat, plant-based diet that included 1/2 cup of cooked soybeans daily, while the control group maintained their usual dietary habits. Of the 84 women, 71 completed the entire study, and 63 provided complete hot flash and dietary data for the AGEs analysis. Participants were monitored for dietary adherence and changes in hot flash frequency and severity over the 12 weeks.
Most important findings
The study found that the intervention group experienced a 73% reduction in dietary AGEs, which was associated with significant reductions in hot flash severity and frequency. Specifically, severe hot flashes decreased by 92%, and moderate-to-severe hot flashes decreased by 88%. The correlation between dietary AGEs reduction and hot flash severity was significant, even after adjusting for changes in energy intake and body mass index. The findings suggest that the reduction in dietary AGEs through a plant-based diet plays a crucial role in alleviating menopausal vasomotor symptoms, independently of weight loss or other lifestyle factors.
Key implications
The results suggest that dietary AGEs may contribute to the pathogenesis of hot flashes in postmenopausal women, and reducing dietary AGEs through a plant-based diet may be an effective non-hormonal intervention. The study supports the use of diet as a tool for managing menopausal symptoms and highlights the importance of dietary modifications in reducing the risk of associated health conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study suggests that a plant-based diet, low in AGEs, could be a sustainable and effective strategy for alleviating hot flashes and improving overall health in postmenopausal women.
Diet quality, body weight, and postmenopausal hot flashes: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
December 23, 2024
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study suggests that a low-fat vegan diet, particularly one supplemented with soybeans, significantly reduces hot flashes in postmenopausal women, with improvements linked to higher plant-based diet scores.
What was studied?
This study investigates how dietary quality, body weight, and the consumption of plant-based foods affect postmenopausal hot flashes. It specifically examines the relationship between hot flash severity and frequency and dietary patterns as measured by three dietary indices: plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). The research aimed to assess the effect of a low-fat vegan diet, supplemented with soybeans, on the reduction of hot flashes, comparing it with a control group that maintained their usual diet.
Who was studied?
The study included 84 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65, who reported at least two moderate-to-severe hot flashes per day. Participants were randomly assigned to either a vegan group, which followed a low-fat vegan diet supplemented with soybeans, or a control group that maintained their usual diet. Participants were excluded if they had specific health conditions like eating disorders, were on weight-loss medications, or had a body mass index (BMI) under 18.5 kg/m². The study was conducted over 12 weeks, with regular measurements of hot flash severity, frequency, and body weight.
Most important findings
The study found that participants in the vegan group experienced a significant reduction in hot flash severity and frequency compared to the control group. Severe hot flashes in the vegan group decreased by 92%, from 1.3 to 0.1 per day, while the control group showed no significant change. The plant-based diet, particularly the reduction in animal products and oils, positively influenced the reduction of hot flashes and body weight. Additionally, higher PDI and hPDI scores were negatively associated with changes in body weight and hot flash severity, even after adjusting for changes in body mass index (BMI). These findings suggest that dietary quality, specifically plant-based food consumption, plays a crucial role in managing menopausal symptoms.
Key implications
The results suggest that adopting a plant-based diet, particularly one low in fats and supplemented with soybeans, could be an effective strategy for alleviating hot flashes in postmenopausal women. This approach could serve as a non-hormonal alternative for managing menopausal symptoms, particularly for women seeking lifestyle changes or alternatives to hormone therapy. The study highlights the importance of focusing on the healthfulness of plant-based foods, rather than categorizing them as simply "healthy" or "unhealthy," as the findings show that both healthful and unhealthful plant foods contributed to positive changes in hot flash frequency and severity.
User Outcomes for an App-Delivered Hypnosis Intervention for Menopausal Hot Flashes: Retrospective Analysis.
July 3, 2024
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
The study assessed the effectiveness of the Evia app, a smartphone-based hypnotherapy intervention, in reducing hot flash frequency and severity in menopausal women.
What was studied?
The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an app-delivered hypnosis intervention, specifically the Evia app, for reducing the frequency and severity of hot flashes in menopausal women. Participants used the app, which included a five-week program of daily tasks such as educational readings, hypnotic inductions, and hot flash tracking. The app utilized audio-recorded hypnosis with imagery to induce a feeling of coolness, targeting both daytime and nighttime hot flashes. The study focused on the impact of this non-hormonal, non-pharmacological approach in improving hot flash outcomes.
Who was studied?
The study involved 410 women who downloaded and used the Evia app between November 6, 2021, and February 5, 2024. Participants were required to report experiencing at least three daily hot flashes at baseline and to complete at least one hot flash diary log. The women were divided into two groups: one group reported both daily hot flashes and night sweats, while the second group reported only daily hot flashes. These women varied in their menopausal stage, with some using hormone therapy and others not, providing a diverse sample to assess the efficacy of the app.
Most important findings
The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of hot flashes. Among the women who experienced both hot flashes and night sweats, 76.3% reported a clinically significant reduction of at least 50% in daily hot flashes. In the group with only daily hot flashes, 56.8% of participants experienced a similar reduction. Additionally, both groups showed a significant decrease in hot flash severity. The study highlighted that the more frequently participants used the Evia app, the greater the reduction in hot flash frequency, although this correlation was small.
Key implications
The findings suggest that app-delivered hypnosis can be an effective, non-hormonal alternative for managing menopausal hot flashes, providing a promising tool for women who prefer non-pharmacological treatments. This approach increases access to hypnotherapy, especially for those who face barriers to in-person therapy, such as geographical limitations, cost, or time constraints. While further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results, the study demonstrates the potential for mobile health interventions to improve women's quality of life during menopause.
Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonism as a novel treatment for menopausal hot flushes
April 3, 2017
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study demonstrates that MLE4901, an NK3R antagonist, significantly reduces hot flash frequency, severity, and interference in menopausal women, offering a non-hormonal treatment alternative.
What was studied?
The study investigates the use of an oral neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) antagonist (MLE4901) as a treatment for menopausal hot flashes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used to assess the effectiveness of MLE4901 in reducing the frequency, severity, and interference of hot flashes in menopausal women. The primary outcome measured was the total number of hot flashes during the final week of the treatment period, with secondary outcomes including the severity, bother, and interference caused by hot flashes.
Who was studied?
The study involved 37 healthy menopausal women aged 40–62 years, all of whom experienced seven or more hot flashes per day, with some being severe or bothersome. Participants had not menstruated for at least 12 months and were not on any medications for menopausal symptoms in the preceding eight weeks. The study population was randomized to receive either MLE4901 or placebo, followed by a washout period and then the alternate treatment. A total of 28 participants completed both treatment periods and were included in the per-protocol analysis.
Most important findings
The administration of MLE4901 significantly reduced the total weekly number of hot flashes by 45% compared to the placebo group. Additionally, MLE4901 reduced the severity, bother, and interference caused by hot flashes, with improvements in hot flash-related interference, severity, and psychosocial symptoms such as fatigue and irritability. The study also observed that treatment with MLE4901 resulted in a decrease in hot flash frequency by 73%, compared to a 28% reduction with placebo. The treatment was well tolerated, with only mild, transient increases in liver enzymes in a small subgroup of participants.
Key implications
This study provides strong evidence that NK3R antagonism, specifically through the use of MLE4901, could be a novel and effective treatment for managing menopausal hot flashes. The ability to reduce hot flashes without the need for estrogen exposure addresses a significant gap in non-hormonal treatment options. Given the potential side effects of hormone replacement therapy, NK3R antagonists like MLE4901 represent a promising alternative for women who seek non-hormonal relief from menopausal symptoms. Larger-scale, long-term studies are needed to further establish the safety and efficacy of this treatment approach.
SSRIs for hot flashes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
July 26, 2013
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This meta-analysis reveals that SSRIs are effective in reducing hot flashes in menopausal women, with escitalopram showing the highest efficacy. These results support SSRIs as a non-hormonal alternative to hormone therapy.
What was studied?
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treating hot flashes in peri- and postmenopausal women. The study aimed to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the impact of SSRIs like paroxetine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline on hot flash frequency, severity, and associated quality of life. The analysis pooled data from 11 trials, including a total of 2,069 women, to determine the overall effect of SSRIs compared to placebo and other treatment options.
Who was studied?
The study reviewed 11 randomized controlled trials involving peri- and postmenopausal women aged 36 to 76 years who experienced moderate to severe hot flashes. The trials included women who had been menopausal for a range of 2.3 to 6.6 years and excluded those on hormone replacement therapy or selective estrogen receptor modulators. The participants had varying levels of baseline hot flash frequency and severity, with follow-up periods ranging from 1 to 9 months. The women were assigned to receive SSRIs or placebo for treatment, with several trials assessing different SSRIs like paroxetine, fluoxetine, and escitalopram.
Most important findings
The analysis found that SSRIs were significantly effective in reducing both the frequency and severity of hot flashes when compared to placebo. The pooled data showed a modest reduction in the number of daily hot flashes (−0.93, 95% CI −1.46 to −0.37) and in hot flash severity scores (−0.34, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.10). Among SSRIs, escitalopram demonstrated the greatest efficacy. While SSRIs did not show a higher incidence of serious adverse effects compared to placebo, they were associated with a slight increase in common side effects such as nausea, dry mouth and decreased libido, which were generally mild and transient.
Key implications
SSRIs present a viable non-hormonal option for managing hot flashes, especially for women who cannot use or prefer to avoid hormone replacement therapy. Despite the modest effect size, SSRIs may offer an acceptable alternative with fewer severe side effects compared to traditional hormonal treatments. Clinicians should consider SSRIs as a first-line treatment option for managing vasomotor symptoms, particularly for women with contraindications to hormone therapy. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of SSRIs for this purpose.
The Effect of Salvia Officinalis on Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women
July 1, 2023
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that Salvia officinalis significantly reduces the frequency of hot flashes in postmenopausal women, making it a promising non-hormonal alternative.
What was studied?
This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the effect of Salvia officinalis (sage) on hot flashes in postmenopausal women. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of Salvia officinalis on the frequency, severity, and duration of hot flashes by analyzing four randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The data was pooled to assess the overall efficacy of this herbal remedy compared to a placebo. The researchers included studies published between 1990 and 2023, utilizing multiple databases to ensure comprehensive results.
Who was studied?
The study involved 310 postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 65, who were experiencing moderate to severe hot flashes. Participants had been postmenopausal for at least 12 months and reported at least three hot flashes per day. The trials included in the meta-analysis utilized different doses of Salvia officinalis extract, ranging from 100 mg to 280 mg daily. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (Salvia officinalis) or a placebo group, with some studies using a double-blind or triple-blind methodology to minimize bias.
Most important findings
The meta-analysis revealed that Salvia officinalis significantly reduced the frequency of hot flashes, with an effect size of −1.12, indicating a moderate to large reduction. However, it had no significant effect on the severity of hot flashes, with an effect size of −2.05, which was not statistically significant. Only one study examined the effect on the duration of hot flashes, but the data was insufficient to make conclusive findings. Overall, Salvia officinalis was found to be more effective than placebo in reducing hot flash frequency, but its impact on severity and duration was less clear.
Key implications
The findings suggest that Salvia officinalis may offer a non-hormonal, herbal alternative for managing hot flashes in postmenopausal women, particularly for those who cannot or prefer not to use hormone replacement therapy. While its effect on the severity and duration of hot flashes requires further investigation, the significant reduction in frequency supports its potential as a treatment option. Healthcare providers may consider recommending Salvia officinalis as a natural remedy, though more extensive studies are needed to solidify these findings and assess long-term safety and efficacy.
Exposure to heavy metals and hormone levels in midlife women
January 15, 2023
/
Metals •
Metals
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin ut laoreet tortor. Donec euismod fermentum pharetra. Nullam at tristique enim. In sit amet molestie
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
This study links urinary heavy metal exposure (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead) to altered sex hormone levels in midlife women, with stronger effects during the perimenopausal transition. It suggests that metal exposure may accelerate ovarian aging and impact long-term health outcomes.
What was studied?
This study examined the associations between urinary heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, and the levels of key sex hormones (estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin) in midlife women. The research used data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multi-ethnic cohort of women aged 45-56 years, followed over several years. The focus was on understanding how environmental exposures to heavy metals might influence hormone profiles during the menopausal transition, a critical period of reproductive aging, which can have long-term health implications for women, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and metabolic disorders.
Who was studied?
The study included 1,355 women from the SWAN cohort, representing a diverse range of racial and ethnic groups, including White, Black, Chinese, and Japanese women. Participants were aged 45-56 years at baseline (1999-2000). The analysis focused on midlife women who were followed through their menopausal transition, with hormone levels repeatedly measured up until 2017. Urinary metal concentrations were assessed at baseline, and serum hormone levels were measured annually. The cohort included women from different geographic locations across the U.S., providing insights into how environmental exposures affect sex hormone levels across various populations.
Most important findings
The study found that exposure to heavy metals significantly influenced hormone levels in midlife women. Specifically, a doubling in urinary mercury and lead concentrations was associated with lower estradiol (E2) levels by 2.2% and 3.6%, respectively. Additionally, higher lead concentrations were associated with higher follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, by 3.4%. Cadmium exposure was linked to increased levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by 3.6%. However, no significant association was found between metals and testosterone levels. The joint effects of metal mixtures showed a negative association with E2 and a positive association with FSH. The study also noted that the associations were stronger in early and late perimenopausal stages.
Key implications
The findings of this study highlight the significant role that environmental heavy metals can play in altering sex hormone levels during midlife, a crucial period for women’s health. The associations between higher lead and mercury concentrations with reduced estradiol levels and increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels suggest that metal exposure may accelerate ovarian aging, a factor that could impact menopause timing and related health risks, such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The study emphasizes the need for public health strategies to minimize heavy metal exposure and further underscores the importance of monitoring environmental toxins as part of women’s healthcare during midlife.
The Effects of Environmental Contaminant Exposure on Reproductive Aging and the Menopause Transition
February 1, 2022
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
This study explores how exposure to environmental contaminants like PFAS, BPA, and phthalates accelerates reproductive aging and leads to early menopause, with significant health risks.
What was studied?
This study examines how exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) accelerates reproductive aging and contributes to the earlier onset of menopause. The research specifically focuses on common EDCs, such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and their impact on ovarian health, hormonal changes, and the timing of menopause. The study also investigates the physiological mechanisms by which these chemicals disrupt reproductive aging.
Who was studied?
The review considers data from human epidemiological studies and animal models, primarily rodents. It includes information on women exposed to environmental contaminants, looking at populations exposed to high levels of pollutants due to lifestyle factors, occupation, or environmental proximity to contaminated areas. In addition to human data, rodent studies are referenced to understand the biological mechanisms through which these chemicals impact reproductive processes.
Most important findings
The study reveals that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, especially PFAS, phthalates, and BPA, is linked to earlier onset of menopause and accelerated reproductive aging. Higher levels of PFAS, such as PFOA and PFOS, are associated with a shorter time to natural menopause in some populations. Additionally, exposure to phthalates, particularly DEHP metabolites, disrupts hormonal balance, leading to earlier menopause and worsened vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes. BPA exposure is found to diminish ovarian reserve and contribute to early menopause, likely through oxidative stress and hormonal disruptions. These associations are supported by both human studies and rodent experiments, confirming that environmental contaminants can negatively affect female fertility and hormonal regulation.
Key implications
The findings highlight a significant public health concern, as early menopause not only reduces a woman’s reproductive window but also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and other health complications. Understanding how environmental contaminants accelerate menopause suggests that interventions aimed at reducing exposure to harmful chemicals could be crucial in protecting women’s reproductive health. The study emphasizes the need for further research to uncover the exact biological mechanisms involved and to establish guidelines for reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in daily life.
Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hot flashes in women from an urban convenience sample of midlife women
March 17, 2021
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
The study links urinary phthalate metabolite levels with increased risk and frequency of hot flashes in midlife women, suggesting environmental exposure as a contributing factor. Associations varied by menopause status, BMI, race/ethnicity, and depressive symptoms.
What was studied?
This study investigated the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hot flash experiences in midlife women. Researchers focused on four key hot flash outcomes, including the frequency, severity, and recent occurrence of hot flashes. The study evaluated whether phthalate exposure, derived from personal care products and plastics, was linked to a higher likelihood of experiencing hot flashes. By analyzing multiple phthalate metabolites in urine, the researchers sought to understand how common exposure to these chemicals might influence menopausal symptoms in women.
Who was studied?
The study included 728 premenopausal and perimenopausal women aged 45-54 from an urban convenience sample in Baltimore. The participants were diverse, comprising multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds, including Caucasian and African American women. Data was gathered via questionnaires on hot flash experiences, and urinary phthalate metabolite levels were measured from pooled samples over several weeks to assess exposure levels. Stratified analyses were performed to determine if associations differed by menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and depressive symptoms.
Most important findings
The study found that higher levels of phthalate metabolites, particularly those from plastics, were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing hot flashes in the past 30 days, as well as with more frequent daily/weekly hot flashes. Specifically, higher concentrations of DEHP metabolites and phthalate mixtures from plastics (ΣPlastic) were linked to a 23-38% increase in the odds of daily or weekly hot flashes. Interestingly, associations varied by menopause status, with stronger links observed in perimenopausal women, and by race/ethnicity, where non-Hispanic white women exhibited stronger associations with certain phthalates. Furthermore, depressive symptoms influenced how phthalate exposure related to hot flash experiences, with women showing more depressive symptoms having stronger associations with personal care product phthalates.
Key implications
This study suggests that phthalates, especially those found in plastics and personal care products, may play a significant role in the onset and severity of hot flashes in midlife women. Given that phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment, this finding has important public health implications. It highlights the potential value of reducing exposure to phthalates to mitigate menopausal symptoms, particularly for women at higher risk, such as those with depressive symptoms or certain BMI levels. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing exposure.
Phthalate metabolite levels and menopausal hot flashes in midlife women
February 8, 2016
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study links higher levels of phthalate metabolites, particularly from personal care products, to an increased risk and severity of hot flashes in midlife women, suggesting that phthalate exposure could influence menopausal symptoms.
What was studied?
This study explores the association between urinary phthalate metabolite levels and the occurrence and severity of hot flashes in midlife women. Researchers specifically examined the metabolites of phthalates, chemicals commonly found in personal care products, and their potential link to the onset and frequency of menopausal hot flashes. The study focused on women aged 45 to 54 years, measuring phthalate metabolites such as MEP, MEHP, MEHHP, and others, to determine whether these metabolites were associated with a higher risk of experiencing hot flashes, including their severity and frequency.
Who was studied?
The study included 195 women aged 45 to 54 years, primarily Caucasian and African American, recruited from Baltimore city and its surrounding counties. The participants were selected from the Midlife Women's Health Study and included both women who had experienced hot flashes and those who had not. Women were classified based on their menopausal status (pre, peri, or postmenopausal) and their history of hot flashes. Urine samples were collected to measure phthalate metabolite levels, while detailed questionnaires assessed the frequency, severity, and duration of hot flashes.
Most important findings
The study found a significant association between higher urinary levels of phthalate metabolites, particularly those from personal care products (Sum PCP), and an increased risk of ever experiencing hot flashes. The findings revealed that higher levels of certain metabolites like MEP and MECPP were significantly linked to a higher likelihood of experiencing hot flashes in the past 30 days, as well as more frequent daily hot flashes. Specifically, the Sum PCP variable, which reflects exposure to phthalates in personal care products, was positively associated with both the occurrence and severity of hot flashes, including the most frequent (daily) occurrences.
Key implications
The findings suggest that exposure to phthalates, particularly from personal care products, may increase the likelihood and severity of hot flashes in midlife women. This adds to the growing body of evidence that phthalates, which have endocrine-disrupting properties, could potentially accelerate menopausal symptoms or exacerbate their intensity. Given the widespread use of phthalates in personal care products, these results imply that reducing exposure to these chemicals could be a potential strategy for mitigating hot flashes in susceptible women. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms by which phthalates may influence menopausal symptoms.
Severe hot flashes are associated with chronic insomnia
June 25, 2006
/
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study links severe hot flashes to chronic insomnia in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, suggesting that managing hot flashes could improve sleep quality and reduce the health risks associated with insomnia.
What was studied?
The study investigated the relationship between hot flashes and chronic insomnia in midlife women. Researchers assessed the prevalence of hot flashes and the severity of insomnia in a population of women across different menopausal stages. The study focused on the association between severe hot flashes and the presence of chronic insomnia symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, and experiencing nonrestorative sleep. Additionally, it explored other factors such as chronic pain and health status that could influence the prevalence of insomnia among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Who was studied?
The study included 982 women aged 35 to 65 years, representing a population in California, categorized into three menopausal groups: premenopause (57.2%), perimenopause (22.3%), and postmenopause (20.5%). The participants were asked about their hot flash experiences and insomnia symptoms, with chronic insomnia defined by persistent sleep disturbances for at least six months. The study also considered various demographic factors such as age, marital status, occupation, race/ethnicity, and health status, as well as the severity of hot flashes, to explore their relationship to insomnia.
Most important findings
The study found a significant association between the severity of hot flashes and the prevalence of chronic insomnia. Among women experiencing severe hot flashes, over 80% reported symptoms of chronic insomnia, including difficulty initiating sleep and nonrestorative sleep. Additionally, insomnia symptoms were more common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, with a substantial increase in insomnia as the severity of hot flashes increased. Other factors like chronic pain, poor health, and sleep apnea also contributed to the likelihood of chronic insomnia, but severe hot flashes remained a strong predictor.
Key implications
The study highlights the need for healthcare providers to systematically assess hot flash severity in women with insomnia, as addressing hot flashes could improve sleep quality. Given the high prevalence of both hot flashes and insomnia in midlife women, the findings suggest that targeting hot flashes in treatment plans could help reduce the negative impacts of chronic insomnia, improving overall health and well-being for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women
August 28, 2017
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This study shows that the severity of hot flashes in postmenopausal women correlates with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-8 and TNF-α. These findings suggest a connection between hot flashes and systemic inflammation, which may contribute to chronic diseases in this population.
What was studied?
This study investigates the relationship between hot flashes and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in healthy postmenopausal women. Researchers aimed to understand whether the intensity of hot flashes correlates with levels of these inflammatory markers, which are associated with systemic inflammation. The study measured cytokine levels and leukocyte numbers across different severity groups of hot flashes, ranging from none to severe, to examine potential inflammatory links.
Who was studied?
The study included 202 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years, with participants divided into four groups based on their hot flash severity: none (Group N), mild (Group m), moderate (Group M), and severe (Group S). The women were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, including having no significant chronic systemic diseases and a BMI between 18 and 30 kg/m². The study controlled for factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), menopausal duration, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to focus on the association between hot flash severity and cytokine levels.
Most important findings
The study found significant associations between the severity of hot flashes and elevated levels of IL-8 and TNF-α. Specifically, women with severe hot flashes had 37.19% higher IL-8 and 51.27% higher TNF-α levels compared to those with no hot flashes, indicating a positive relationship between hot flash severity and these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mild and moderate hot flash groups did not show significant differences in cytokine levels. The results suggest that hot flashes may be linked to low-grade systemic inflammation, which could contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and other systemic conditions in postmenopausal women.
Key implications
The study's findings suggest that hot flashes could be a marker for systemic inflammation in postmenopausal women, potentially increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular issues and insulin resistance. The elevated levels of IL-8 and TNF-α associated with severe hot flashes highlight the need for targeted treatments to manage both the symptoms of hot flashes and the underlying inflammatory process. Understanding the inflammatory mechanisms behind hot flashes could lead to more effective interventions, potentially improving the overall health outcomes for postmenopausal women.
Prevalence of hot flushes and night sweats around the world: a systematic review
July 3, 2009
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
This systematic review explores the global prevalence of hot flashes and night sweats, revealing significant cultural and regional variations. It emphasizes the need for personalized, region-specific healthcare strategies to address these common menopausal symptoms.
What was studied?
This systematic review examines the global prevalence of hot flashes and night sweats, two of the most common vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. The authors aimed to understand how these symptoms vary across different cultures, geographic regions, and menopausal stages. A total of 66 studies were included, with a focus on identifying prevalence patterns for hot flashes and night sweats in women from various continents, including North America, Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, Latin America, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The studies also explored factors influencing symptom variation, such as lifestyle, diet, cultural attitudes, and climate.
Who was studied?
The studies included in the review involved women between the ages of 40 and 65 years, across different stages of menopause, including perimenopause, postmenopause, and those who underwent surgical menopause. The women were from diverse ethnic backgrounds, representing various global regions, including Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, Asian, and Middle Eastern populations. Data was derived from large-scale studies, such as the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), along with smaller cohort studies, offering insights into the cultural and regional differences in symptom prevalence and severity.
Most important findings
The review found that the prevalence of hot flashes and night sweats varied significantly across regions and ethnic groups. In North America, particularly among African-American women, the prevalence was notably high, with 46% reporting symptoms, while in Japan, it was much lower at around 18%. The study also highlighted how factors like ethnicity, culture, diet, and even climate influenced symptom reporting. For instance, women in colder climates or those with diets rich in soy were found to experience fewer symptoms. Additionally, lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, were associated with higher rates of vasomotor symptoms. This variability emphasizes the need for region-specific healthcare strategies to manage menopause-related symptoms effectively.
Key implications
This review underscores the importance of considering cultural and regional factors when addressing menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes and night sweats. It suggests that healthcare providers should not only consider the global prevalence of these symptoms but also the unique cultural attitudes toward menopause that may influence symptom reporting and treatment-seeking behavior. Tailored interventions, including diet modifications and lifestyle adjustments, could potentially alleviate symptoms based on regional characteristics. Moreover, recognizing the diverse experiences of menopause globally can lead to better, more personalized care for women during the menopausal transition.
What’s in a name: are menopausal “hot flashes” a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation?
June 1, 2019
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
The article redefines menopausal hot flashes as signs of underlying neurovascular dysregulation, linking them to chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. It advocates for more targeted, personalized treatments and further research into the physiological mechanisms behind these symptoms.
What was studied?
This article examines the concept of menopausal hot flashes and night sweats, proposing that they should not simply be viewed as "symptoms of menopause" but rather as manifestations of underlying pathophysiological processes, particularly autonomic neurovascular dysregulation. The authors review evidence linking these vasomotor disturbances to broader health concerns, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and sleep disturbances, suggesting that hot flashes may reflect deeper issues related to autonomic regulation and vascular health.
Who was studied?
The review focuses on studies of women in the menopausal transition, specifically those experiencing hot flashes and night sweats across different geographical regions, including Australia, Great Britain, and the United States. The article highlights the variation in hot flash patterns based on factors like timing, severity, and duration, and discusses how these symptoms are linked to the risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline. The review also notes genetic factors and hormonal changes that may influence the presence and severity of these symptoms.
Most important findings
The article identifies four distinct patterns of vasomotor disturbances observed globally, suggesting that these patterns are not solely attributable to cultural or socioeconomic factors. It emphasizes the link between the severity and timing of hot flashes and the risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and mood disorders. The authors argue that hot flashes should be considered a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation, potentially driven by hormonal changes during menopause. Genetic factors related to estrogen metabolism also appear to influence the severity and onset of these symptoms, underscoring the need for personalized treatment approaches.
Key implications
This review calls for a shift in how menopausal hot flashes are perceived and treated. By reframing hot flashes as manifestations of underlying autonomic neurovascular dysregulation, the article suggests that they should not merely be seen as symptoms to be tolerated but as early indicators of potential chronic health conditions. The authors advocate for further investigation into the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these symptoms, particularly concerning autonomic function and vascular health, to develop more effective, targeted treatments. This research could lead to personalized hormone therapy (MHT) regimens based on genetic profiles, improving outcomes for women in menopause.
Menopausal hot flashes: mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment
October 20, 2015
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
Menopausal Hot Flashes •
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Did you know?
Hot flashes might be triggered by something as simple as a cup of coffee? Yes, that morning cup could be fueling more than just your energy. Caffeine is a well-known trigger for hot flashes because it can elevate your heart rate and increase blood flow, both of which contribute to the intense heat sensation.
The review explores the physiological mechanisms behind menopausal hot flashes, including thermoregulatory changes, sympathetic nervous activation, and estrogen depletion. It also examines treatments such as clonidine and behavioral therapies.
What was studied?
The review examines the physiological mechanisms behind menopausal hot flashes (HFs), which are characterized by rapid and exaggerated heat dissipation responses, such as sweating, peripheral vasodilation, and intense internal heat sensations. The study focuses on how small elevations in core body temperature trigger these responses, particularly within a reduced thermoneutral zone. The review also explores the involvement of estrogen depletion at menopause and its contribution to hot flashes, while addressing how the sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine play key roles in the process.
Who was studied?
The review encompasses research on women experiencing menopausal hot flashes, particularly those in the climacteric period, as well as women undergoing surgical menopause or those treated with GnRH agonists for conditions like breast cancer. Studies comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic women, as well as cross-cultural studies on the prevalence of hot flashes in different ethnic groups, such as Caucasian, Japanese, and Chinese women, are also discussed. Additionally, the paper explores the effects of androgen depletion on men undergoing treatments for prostate cancer, providing a broader understanding of hot flashes across different populations.
Most important findings
The review identifies key mechanisms underlying the occurrence of hot flashes, including the narrowing of the thermoneutral zone due to elevated sympathetic activation, particularly through α2-adrenergic receptors. While estrogen depletion is essential for the onset of hot flashes, it is not the sole cause, as other factors like norepinephrine play a significant role. The review also highlights the effectiveness of clonidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, in widening the thermoneutral zone and reducing hot flash frequency. Brain imaging studies reveal that areas such as the insula and anterior cingulate cortex are involved in the phenomenological experience of hot flashes, while circadian rhythms influence the timing of their occurrence.
Key implications
The findings suggest that hot flashes are a complex physiological phenomenon influenced by hormonal, neuroendocrine, and circadian factors. The narrowing of the thermoneutral zone due to elevated norepinephrine, in conjunction with estrogen withdrawal, forms the basis of their occurrence. Personalized treatment approaches, such as adrenergic modulation with clonidine or other therapies targeting norepinephrine, may offer more effective management strategies. Additionally, understanding genetic, cultural, and circadian differences in hot flash experiences can lead to better-tailored interventions, improving the quality of life for women experiencing this common menopausal symptom.
Menopausal Hot Flashes: A Review of Physiology and Biosociocultural Perspective on Methods of Assessment
May 26, 2010
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
The review explores the physiological and cultural complexities of menopausal hot flashes, highlighting genetic, dietary, and cultural factors. It discusses emerging research areas like brain imaging and genetic polymorphisms, which could lead to better-targeted treatments.
What was reviewed?
The article presents a detailed review of menopausal hot flashes, examining both the physiological and biosociocultural factors that contribute to this common menopausal symptom. It highlights the lack of clarity regarding the exact causes and mechanisms of hot flashes, despite decades of research. The paper discusses how the understanding of hot flashes has expanded to include sociocultural aspects, such as the influence of diet and cultural perceptions, in addition to the biological factors like hormone levels. The review also addresses the various methods used in hot flash research, including neuroimaging and genetic studies.
Who was reviewed?
The paper primarily focuses on studies of menopausal women from both Western and Asian populations. It compares the prevalence of hot flashes in these groups, noting that women in Western countries, particularly the U.S., report more frequent symptoms than those in Asian countries like Japan. The review also considers how cultural factors affect the reporting of hot flashes, as well as how genetic variations, such as the ability to metabolize soy isoflavones into equol, contribute to the experience of hot flashes. Women from different cultural backgrounds, as well as those undergoing treatments like hormone therapy, are central to the studies reviewed.
Most important findings
The review finds that hot flash prevalence varies significantly across cultures, with Asian women, particularly in Japan, reporting fewer hot flashes than their Western counterparts. Dietary factors, such as higher soy intake in Japan, appear to play a role in this difference, as soy isoflavones have estrogen-like effects. Genetic factors also contribute to hot flash variability, with some women being "equol producers" who metabolize soy into a biologically active form that may help reduce hot flashes. Emerging research using neuroimaging and genetic analysis is shedding light on the brain mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms that could influence the severity and occurrence of hot flashes.
Key implications
The review underscores the need for more nuanced research into hot flashes that considers both biological and cultural influences. It suggests that treatments for hot flashes should be personalized, taking into account cultural differences in symptom reporting and the role of diet. The development of better research tools, including neuroimaging and genetic studies, is crucial for uncovering the mechanisms behind hot flashes. Such advancements could lead to more targeted and effective treatments, especially in light of the complexities involved in how hot flashes are experienced and managed across different populations.
Menopausal Hot Flashes: A Concise Review
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
This review synthesizes current evidence on menopausal hot flashes, focusing on neuroendocrine mechanisms, genetic factors, and a stepwise, personalized treatment approach, emphasizing new targets such as the KNDy neuronal system and CGRP for future therapies.
What was reviewed?
This comprehensive review article synthesizes current knowledge on menopausal hot flashes (HFs), focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and a stepwise approach to management. The review covers a spectrum of treatment options, including hormonal, nonhormonal, and alternative therapies, and highlights recent research on neuropeptides and genetic factors. Special emphasis is placed on the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying HFs, such as the roles of estrogen deficiency, serotonin, norepinephrine, and the kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin (KNDy) neuronal system, alongside the potential involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The review integrates findings from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic research, providing clinicians with an updated framework for understanding and managing HFs.
Who was reviewed?
The article synthesizes findings from numerous population-based studies, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and basic science investigations involving peri- and postmenopausal women worldwide. The review draws on data from diverse geographic populations, including Indian, Turkish, Australian, European, North American, South American, and Asian cohorts, to frame the global prevalence and heterogeneity of HFs. Evidence is also incorporated from genetic association studies, neuroendocrine research in both human and animal models, and clinical trials assessing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments. Special consideration is given to subgroups such as women with breast cancer and those with specific contraindications to hormone replacement therapy.
Most important findings
Hot flashes affect approximately 85% of menopausal women, with duration and severity varying widely by geography, genetics, and lifestyle. Obesity, African descent, lower socioeconomic status, premenstrual syndrome, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are consistently associated risk factors. Genetic variants, particularly in the tachykinin receptor 3 (NK3R) gene, have emerged as key contributors to vasomotor symptom susceptibility, offering potential targets for personalized therapy. The pathophysiology of HFs centers on hypothalamic thermoregulatory dysfunction, with estrogen deficiency, altered serotonin and norepinephrine signaling, and activation of the KNDy neuronal system (notably neurokinin B) all implicated. The review highlights the role of CGRP, a potent vasodilator, in mediating peripheral symptoms of HFs, underlining the complex neuropeptide interplay. Standard management prioritizes hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) for moderate-to-severe HFs, with selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SNRIs) as effective nonhormonal alternatives. Gabapentin and other agents are reserved for specific scenarios or refractory cases. Novel therapies under investigation include neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists and stellate ganglion block. While alternative therapies (such as acupuncture and plant-based treatments) show promise in small studies, robust evidence remains limited.
Key implications
The review underscores the multifactorial, neuroendocrine basis of menopausal hot flashes, highlighting opportunities for targeted interventions beyond conventional HRT. The emerging roles of neuropeptides such as neurokinin B and CGRP, as well as genetic susceptibility loci, provide fertile ground for future research and development of individualized therapies. Clinicians are advised to adopt a stepwise, patient-centered approach to management, balancing symptom severity, comorbidities, and patient preferences. The integration of nonhormonal and alternative therapies may further expand treatment options, especially for women with contraindications to HRT. For microbiome researchers and clinicians, the article’s neuroendocrine focus suggests indirect but important avenues for exploring gut-brain axis and microbial modulation of neuropeptide pathways in menopausal symptomatology.
What’s in a name: are menopausal ‘hot flashes’ a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation?
June 1, 2018
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
This review challenges the labeling of hot flashes as mere menopausal symptoms, proposing they signal underlying neurovascular dysregulation linked to chronic disease risk, and calls for new clinical and research approaches.
What was reviewed?
This narrative review critically examines the conventional framing of hot flashes and night sweats, collectively termed vasomotor symptoms (VMS), as mere symptoms of menopause. The authors argue for a paradigm shift, proposing that these phenomena are better understood as manifestations of underlying autonomic neurovascular dysregulation. The review synthesizes epidemiological, genetic, and mechanistic evidence to explore the etiological complexity of VMS, emphasizing associations with neurological (sleep, mood, cognition) and cardiovascular conditions. Drawing on large-scale longitudinal studies from Australia, the UK, and the US, the authors identify four consistent patterns of vasomotor disturbances and discuss their possible biological and genetic bases, independent of cultural or socioeconomic factors. The review also addresses the limitations of current research, including the lack of objective monitoring tools and standard terminology, and highlights emerging insights from genetic studies and neurobiological pathways (notably the hypothalamic KNDy neurons and neurokinin B signaling). The authors call for robust mechanistic research and advocate for the reclassification of VMS to better inform clinical practice and research strategies.
Who was reviewed?
The review considers data from diverse populations of women undergoing the menopausal transition, as reported in prominent longitudinal cohort studies such as the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH), the 1946 British birth cohort, and the Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN, USA). These cohorts encompass women from multiple geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, allowing the review to draw generalizable conclusions about the universality of VMS patterns. The reviewed studies include women experiencing natural or surgical menopause (e.g., following bilateral oophorectomy), and incorporate genetic sub-studies examining variants related to estrogen metabolism, estrogen receptors, and neurotransmitter pathways. The focus is on midlife and older women, typically in the peri- and postmenopausal stages, and the analysis extends to those with and without VMS, as well as those with related comorbidities such as sleep disorders and cardiovascular disease.
Most important findings
The review’s central finding is that VMS, hot flashes, and night sweats are likely not merely transient symptoms of hormonal withdrawal, but rather indicators of underlying neurovascular dysregulation that may predispose women to chronic conditions of aging. Across countries, four distinct patterns of VMS (varying by onset, severity, and duration) recur, suggesting a biological underpinning rather than cultural artifacts. Notably, severe or persistent VMS are associated with increased risks for sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea), mood and cognitive disorders, and cardiovascular conditions such as endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery calcification. Genetic studies implicate variants in genes governing estrogen synthesis, metabolism, and signaling, as well as noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways, as contributors to individual susceptibility and symptom patterns. Evidence points toward disruption in hypothalamic KNDy neuron signaling and altered autonomic outflow (both sympathetic and parasympathetic) as mechanistic drivers. Pharmacological interventions targeting neurokinin B receptors, and established therapies such as menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), show variable efficacy depending on individual neurovascular profiles. The review highlights the limitations of self-reported symptom scales and the need for objective, standardized assessment tools.
Key implications
Reframing VMS as signs of autonomic neurovascular dysregulation rather than simply menopausal symptoms has pivotal clinical and research implications. It advocates for a more nuanced, mechanism-based approach to assessing and managing midlife women, particularly in stratifying risk for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, dementia, and osteoporosis. This perspective supports the development of personalized interventions, potentially informed by genetic and autonomic profiling, and underscores the need for investment in objective monitoring technologies and longitudinal studies.
The relationship between menopausal syndrome and gut microbes
November 8, 2022
/
Menopause •
Menopause
Did You Know?
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over 50. Estrogen decline during menopause accelerates bone loss, making weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D essential for maintaining bone health. Early intervention can reduce fracture risk, and the gut microbiome may play a role in improving bone density.
This study found that menopausal syndrome is linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with reduced Bifidobacterium animalis and altered metabolic pathways, suggesting microbiome-targeted interventions may benefit menopausal women.
What was studied?
This original research article investigated the relationship between menopausal syndrome (MPS) and gut microbiota in women. Specifically, the study compared the gut microbial composition and predicted microbial functions between women experiencing MPS and healthy menopausal women. The research utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile gut microbiota from fecal samples, assessed clinical and hormonal parameters (including estradiol, FSH, and LH), and applied bioinformatics tools to characterize microbial signatures and pathway enrichment associated with MPS.
Who was studied?
The study enrolled 101 women aged 40–60 years from Guangzhou, China, between June 2020 and October 2021. Of these, 77 women were diagnosed with menopausal syndrome (MPS group), and 24 were healthy menopausal controls (H group). Diagnosis of MPS required the presence of menopausal symptoms, menstrual irregularities, and a modified Kupperman index (KI) score >15, while controls had a KI score <15 and no hot flashes. exclusion criteria included recent use of sex hormones or antibiotics, severe chronic disease, age outside the 40–60-year range. groups were matched for age, bmi, metabolic comorbidities to minimize confounding factors.< p>
Most important findings
The study identified significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in women with MPS compared to healthy controls. While overall microbial diversity did not differ significantly, 14 microbial species showed differential abundance. Notably, Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Acinetobacter guillouiae were enriched in healthy controls and positively correlated with estradiol levels, while their abundance was reduced in MPS and inversely correlated with FSH and LH. Bifidobacterium animalis, known for its probiotic and metabolic benefits, was highlighted as particularly depleted in MPS. Functional prediction analysis revealed that women with MPS had gut microbiota enriched in pathways related to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting a microbiota-mediated predisposition to metabolic and cardiovascular risk post-menopause.
Key implications
These findings underscore the existence of distinct gut microbiota signatures associated with MPS and hormonal status in menopausal women. The depletion of beneficial species, especially Bifidobacterium animalis, and enrichment of pathways linked to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases suggest that gut microbiota may modulate both menopausal symptoms and long-term health risks. Clinically, the results support the potential for microbiome-targeted interventions (MBTIs) (e.g., probiotics, dietary modulation) to alleviate MPS symptoms and reduce comorbidities. However, the study’s cross-sectional design and modest sample size warrant further longitudinal and interventional research to clarify causality and therapeutic potential.
Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer significant health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They primarily work by modulating the gut microbiome, supporting a balanced microbial ecosystem. Probiotics have been shown to improve gut health, modulate immune responses, and even influence metabolic and mental health disorders. With growing evidence supporting their therapeutic potential, probiotics are increasingly recognized for their role in treating conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and even mental health conditions like depression and anxiety through their impact on the gut-brain axis.
Metformin
Metformin is a synthetic derivative of guanidine derived from the guanidine alkaloid of the plant Galega officinalis L. with significant hypoglycemic effects. It is a first-line antihyperglycemic agent due to its efficacy, low cost, and favorable safety profile.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Estrogen
Estrogen is a steroid hormone primarily found in women, crucial for reproductive health, secondary sexual characteristics, and various physiological processes. It regulates menstrual cycles, supports pregnancy, and influences bone density and cardiovascular health. Dysregulation of estrogen levels can lead to various disorders and health complications.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Estrogen
Estrogen is a steroid hormone primarily found in women, crucial for reproductive health, secondary sexual characteristics, and various physiological processes. It regulates menstrual cycles, supports pregnancy, and influences bone density and cardiovascular health. Dysregulation of estrogen levels can lead to various disorders and health complications.
Breast Cancer
Traditionally linked to genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, emerging evidence highlights the microbiome as a critical and underappreciated factor influencing breast cancer progression, immune response, and treatment outcomes.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopausal Hot Flashes
Menopausal hot flashes are one of the most common and disruptive symptoms that women experience during the transition to menopause. Characterized by sudden sensations of heat, sweating, and flushing, hot flashes can significantly affect a woman’s quality of life, causing sleep disturbances, mood swings, and even long-term health consequences. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind hot flashes, as well as the role of microbiome-targeted therapies, offers new avenues for improving menopausal health.
Estrogen
Estrogen is a steroid hormone primarily found in women, crucial for reproductive health, secondary sexual characteristics, and various physiological processes. It regulates menstrual cycles, supports pregnancy, and influences bone density and cardiovascular health. Dysregulation of estrogen levels can lead to various disorders and health complications.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) involves physical and emotional symptoms linked to hormonal fluctuations. Recent research highlights the role of heavy metals and gut microbiome imbalances in worsening these symptoms. Lifestyle changes, microbiome-targeted therapies, and toxin reduction show promise in effective PMS management.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Estrogen
Estrogen is a steroid hormone primarily found in women, crucial for reproductive health, secondary sexual characteristics, and various physiological processes. It regulates menstrual cycles, supports pregnancy, and influences bone density and cardiovascular health. Dysregulation of estrogen levels can lead to various disorders and health complications.
Estrogen Receptors (ER)
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are specialized proteins that respond to the hormone estrogen, playing a critical role in regulating biological processes such as reproduction, cellular growth, and differentiation.
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Menopause
Menopause impacts many aspects of health, including the gut microbiome, weight management, and hormone balance. Diet, probiotics, intermittent fasting, and HRT offer effective management strategies.
Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer significant health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They primarily work by modulating the gut microbiome, supporting a balanced microbial ecosystem. Probiotics have been shown to improve gut health, modulate immune responses, and even influence metabolic and mental health disorders. With growing evidence supporting their therapeutic potential, probiotics are increasingly recognized for their role in treating conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and even mental health conditions like depression and anxiety through their impact on the gut-brain axis.
Microbiome-Targeted Interventions (MBTIs)
Microbiome Targeted Interventions (MBTIs) are cutting-edge treatments that utilize information from Microbiome Signatures to modulate the microbiome, revolutionizing medicine with unparalleled precision and impact.
References
- Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review.. Bansal R, Aggarwal N.. (J Mid-life Health. 2019;10(1):6-13.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment.. Freedman, R. R. (2014).. (Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 142, 115–120.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review.. Bansal R, Aggarwal N.. (J Mid-life Health. 2019;10(1):6-13.)
- Severe hot flashes are associated with chronic insomnia in midlife women.. Ohayon, M. M. (2006).. (Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(12), 1262-1268.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: A review of physiology and biosociocultural perspective on methods of assessment. Kronenberg, F. (2010).. (The Journal of Nutrition, 140(7), 1380S–1385S.)
- What's in a name: are menopausal “hot flashes” a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation?. Miller, V. M., Kling, J. M., Files, J. A., Joyner, M. J., Kapoor, E., Moyer, A. M., Rocca, W. A., & Faubion, S. S. (2018).. (Menopause, 25(6), 700–703.)
- Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.. Huang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).. (PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: A review of physiology and biosociocultural perspective on methods of assessment. Kronenberg, F. (2010).. (The Journal of Nutrition, 140(7), 1380S–1385S.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment.. Freedman, R. R. (2014).. (Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 142, 115–120.)
- Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.. Huang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).. (PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: A review of physiology and biosociocultural perspective on methods of assessment. Kronenberg, F. (2010).. (The Journal of Nutrition, 140(7), 1380S–1385S.)
- Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.. Huang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).. (PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment.. Freedman, R. R. (2014).. (Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 142, 115–120.)
- What's in a name: are menopausal “hot flashes” a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation?. Miller, V. M., Kling, J. M., Files, J. A., Joyner, M. J., Kapoor, E., Moyer, A. M., Rocca, W. A., & Faubion, S. S. (2018).. (Menopause, 25(6), 700–703.)
- Prevalence of hot flushes and night sweats around the world: A systematic review.. Freeman, E. W., & Sherif, K. (2007).. (Climacteric, 10(3), 197-214.)
- Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.. Huang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).. (PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.)
- Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review.. Bansal R, Aggarwal N.. (J Mid-life Health. 2019;10(1):6-13.)
- Exposure to heavy metals and hormone levels in midlife women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN).. Wang X, Ding N, Harlow SD, Randolph JF Jr, Mukherjee B, Gold EB, Park SK.. (Environ Pollut. 2023 Jan 15;317:120740.)
- Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Relation to Reproductive Hormones and Anovulation in Premenopausal Women.. Pollack, A. Z., Schisterman, E. F., Goldman, L. R., Mumford, S. L., Albert, P. S., Jones, R. L., & Wactawski-Wende, J. (2011).. (Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(8), 1156.)
- The effects of environmental contaminant exposure on reproductive aging and the menopause transition.. Neff AM, Laws MJ, Warner GR, Flaws JA.. (Curr Environ Health Rep. 2022;9(1):53–79.)
- Phthalate metabolite levels and menopausal hot flashes in midlife women.. Ziv-Gal, A., Gallicchio, L., Chiang, C., Thera, S. N., Miller, S. R., Zacur, H. A., Dills, R. L., & Flaws, J. A. (2016).. (Reproductive Toxicology, 60, 76–81.)
- Phthalate metabolite levels and menopausal hot flashes in midlife women.. Ziv-Gal, A., Gallicchio, L., Chiang, C., Thera, S. N., Miller, S. R., Zacur, H. A., Dills, R. L., & Flaws, J. A. (2016).. (Reproductive Toxicology, 60, 76–81.)
- Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hot flashes in women from an urban convenience sample of midlife women.. Warner, G. R., Pacyga, D. C., Strakovsky, R. S., Smith, R., James-Todd, T., Williams, P. L., Hauser, R., Meling, D. D., Li, Z., & Flaws, J. A. (2021).. (Environmental Research, 197, 110891.)
- Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation.. Basnet, J., Eissa, M. A., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Romero, D. G., & Rezq, S. (2024).. (Gastrointestinal Disorders, 6(4), 801-815.)
- Complement Ther Med. 2023;79:103002.. Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Strom N, et al.. (A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome.)
- Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation.. Basnet, J., Eissa, M. A., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Romero, D. G., & Rezq, S. (2024).. (Gastrointestinal Disorders, 6(4), 801-815.)
- Complement Ther Med. 2023;79:103002.. Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Strom N, et al.. (A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome.)
- Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation.. Basnet, J., Eissa, M. A., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Romero, D. G., & Rezq, S. (2024).. (Gastrointestinal Disorders, 6(4), 801-815.)
- SSRIs for hot flashes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.. Shams T, Firwana B, Habib F, Alshahrani A, Alnouh B, Murad MH, Ferwana M.. (J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Jan;29(1):204-13.)
- Dietary advanced glycation end-products and postmenopausal hot flashes: A post-hoc analysis of a 12-week randomized clinical trial.. Kahleova, H., Znayenko-Miller, T., Uribarri, J., Schmidt, N., Kolipaka, S., Hata, E., Holtz, D. N., Sutton, M., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2023).. (Maturitas, 172, 32-38.)
- Diet quality, body weight, and postmenopausal hot flashes: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.. Brennan, H., Znayenko-Miller, T., Sutton, M., Holubkov, R., & Kahleova, H. (2024).. (BMC Women's Health, 24(620).)
- Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis: Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) for menopausal vasomotor symptoms.. Abdi, F., Kazemi, F., Tehrani, F. R., & Roozbeh, N. (2016).. (BMJ Open, 6(4), e010734.)
- Effect of Lavender on Sleep, Sexual Desire, Vasomotor, Psychological and Physical Symptom among Menopausal and Elderly Women: A Systematic Review.. Roozbeh, N., Ghazanfarpour, M., Khadivzadeh, T., Kargarfard, L., Dizavandi, F. R., & Shariati, K. (2019).. (Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 25(2), 88.)
- Hot flashes and fatigue relieved by metformin.. Maudar V, Winters SJ, Villafuerte BC.. (Endocr Pract. 2009 Jan-Feb;15(1):30-4.)
- Complement Ther Med. 2023;79:103002.. Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Strom N, et al.. (A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome.)
Bansal R, Aggarwal N.
Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review.J Mid-life Health. 2019;10(1):6-13.
Read ReviewFreedman, R. R. (2014).
Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment.Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 142, 115–120.
Read ReviewBansal R, Aggarwal N.
Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review.J Mid-life Health. 2019;10(1):6-13.
Read ReviewOhayon, M. M. (2006).
Severe hot flashes are associated with chronic insomnia in midlife women.Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(12), 1262-1268.
Read ReviewKronenberg, F. (2010).
Menopausal hot flashes: A review of physiology and biosociocultural perspective on methods of assessmentThe Journal of Nutrition, 140(7), 1380S–1385S.
Read ReviewMiller, V. M., Kling, J. M., Files, J. A., Joyner, M. J., Kapoor, E., Moyer, A. M., Rocca, W. A., & Faubion, S. S. (2018).
What's in a name: are menopausal “hot flashes” a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation?Menopause, 25(6), 700–703.
Read ReviewHuang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).
Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.
Read ReviewKronenberg, F. (2010).
Menopausal hot flashes: A review of physiology and biosociocultural perspective on methods of assessmentThe Journal of Nutrition, 140(7), 1380S–1385S.
Read ReviewFreedman, R. R. (2014).
Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment.Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 142, 115–120.
Read ReviewHuang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).
Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.
Read ReviewKronenberg, F. (2010).
Menopausal hot flashes: A review of physiology and biosociocultural perspective on methods of assessmentThe Journal of Nutrition, 140(7), 1380S–1385S.
Read ReviewHuang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).
Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.
Read ReviewFreedman, R. R. (2014).
Menopausal hot flashes: Mechanisms, endocrinology, treatment.Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 142, 115–120.
Read ReviewMiller, V. M., Kling, J. M., Files, J. A., Joyner, M. J., Kapoor, E., Moyer, A. M., Rocca, W. A., & Faubion, S. S. (2018).
What's in a name: are menopausal “hot flashes” a symptom of menopause or a manifestation of neurovascular dysregulation?Menopause, 25(6), 700–703.
Read ReviewFreeman, E. W., & Sherif, K. (2007).
Prevalence of hot flushes and night sweats around the world: A systematic review.Climacteric, 10(3), 197-214.
Read ReviewHuang, W.-Y., Hsin, I.-L., Chen, D.-R., Chang, C.-C., Kor, C.-T., Chen, T.-Y., & Wu, H.-M. (2017).
Circulating interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α are associated with hot flashes in healthy postmenopausal women.PLOS ONE, 12(8), e0184011.
Read ReviewBansal R, Aggarwal N.
Menopausal hot flashes: A concise review.J Mid-life Health. 2019;10(1):6-13.
Read ReviewWang X, Ding N, Harlow SD, Randolph JF Jr, Mukherjee B, Gold EB, Park SK.
Exposure to heavy metals and hormone levels in midlife women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Environ Pollut. 2023 Jan 15;317:120740.
Read ReviewPollack, A. Z., Schisterman, E. F., Goldman, L. R., Mumford, S. L., Albert, P. S., Jones, R. L., & Wactawski-Wende, J. (2011).
Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Relation to Reproductive Hormones and Anovulation in Premenopausal Women.Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(8), 1156.
Neff AM, Laws MJ, Warner GR, Flaws JA.
The effects of environmental contaminant exposure on reproductive aging and the menopause transition.Curr Environ Health Rep. 2022;9(1):53–79.
Read ReviewZiv-Gal, A., Gallicchio, L., Chiang, C., Thera, S. N., Miller, S. R., Zacur, H. A., Dills, R. L., & Flaws, J. A. (2016).
Phthalate metabolite levels and menopausal hot flashes in midlife women.Reproductive Toxicology, 60, 76–81.
Read ReviewZiv-Gal, A., Gallicchio, L., Chiang, C., Thera, S. N., Miller, S. R., Zacur, H. A., Dills, R. L., & Flaws, J. A. (2016).
Phthalate metabolite levels and menopausal hot flashes in midlife women.Reproductive Toxicology, 60, 76–81.
Read ReviewWarner, G. R., Pacyga, D. C., Strakovsky, R. S., Smith, R., James-Todd, T., Williams, P. L., Hauser, R., Meling, D. D., Li, Z., & Flaws, J. A. (2021).
Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and hot flashes in women from an urban convenience sample of midlife women.Environmental Research, 197, 110891.
Read ReviewBasnet, J., Eissa, M. A., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Romero, D. G., & Rezq, S. (2024).
Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation.Gastrointestinal Disorders, 6(4), 801-815.
Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Strom N, et al.
Complement Ther Med. 2023;79:103002.A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome.
Read ReviewBasnet, J., Eissa, M. A., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Romero, D. G., & Rezq, S. (2024).
Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation.Gastrointestinal Disorders, 6(4), 801-815.
Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Strom N, et al.
Complement Ther Med. 2023;79:103002.A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome.
Read ReviewBasnet, J., Eissa, M. A., Yanes Cardozo, L. L., Romero, D. G., & Rezq, S. (2024).
Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Gut Microbiome and Hormonal Regulation.Gastrointestinal Disorders, 6(4), 801-815.
Shams T, Firwana B, Habib F, Alshahrani A, Alnouh B, Murad MH, Ferwana M.
SSRIs for hot flashes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Jan;29(1):204-13.
Read ReviewKahleova, H., Znayenko-Miller, T., Uribarri, J., Schmidt, N., Kolipaka, S., Hata, E., Holtz, D. N., Sutton, M., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2023).
Dietary advanced glycation end-products and postmenopausal hot flashes: A post-hoc analysis of a 12-week randomized clinical trial.Maturitas, 172, 32-38.
Read ReviewBrennan, H., Znayenko-Miller, T., Sutton, M., Holubkov, R., & Kahleova, H. (2024).
Diet quality, body weight, and postmenopausal hot flashes: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.BMC Women's Health, 24(620).
Read ReviewAbdi, F., Kazemi, F., Tehrani, F. R., & Roozbeh, N. (2016).
Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis: Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) for menopausal vasomotor symptoms.BMJ Open, 6(4), e010734.
Roozbeh, N., Ghazanfarpour, M., Khadivzadeh, T., Kargarfard, L., Dizavandi, F. R., & Shariati, K. (2019).
Effect of Lavender on Sleep, Sexual Desire, Vasomotor, Psychological and Physical Symptom among Menopausal and Elderly Women: A Systematic Review.Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 25(2), 88.
Maudar V, Winters SJ, Villafuerte BC.
Hot flashes and fatigue relieved by metformin.Endocr Pract. 2009 Jan-Feb;15(1):30-4.
Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Strom N, et al.
Complement Ther Med. 2023;79:103002.A dietary intervention for postmenopausal hot flashes: A potential role of gut microbiome.
Read Review