Did you know?

Boric acid can disrupt microbial biofilms, enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics and reducing chronic infections.

Boric Acid

Researched by:

Divine Aleru ID

Divine Aleru

I am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.

May 1, 2025

Boric acid is a powerful agent that not only treats infections like VC, V, and Trichomoniasis but also plays a key role in modulating the microbiome. By promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, it helps restore microbial balance in various areas of the body, including the vagina, mouth, and skin, making it a versatile tool in microbiome-targeted therapy.

Research feed

Divine Aleru

I am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.

Researched by:

Divine Aleru ID

Divine Aleru

I am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.

Last Updated: May 1, 2025

Overview

Boric acid is a versatile compound with a range of medical and industrial applications. It is commonly used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent, particularly in the treatment of vaginitis and various wound infections.^[1] Boric acid’s effectiveness extends to microbial vaginitis, notably vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and trichomoniasis.^[2] It is used intravaginally, especially in cases resistant to conventional treatments like azoles and antibiotics. Recent studies emphasize its broader potential in microbiome modulation, particularly in restoring microbial balance and preventing recurrent infections.^[3]

Mechanisms of Action

Boric acid exerts multiple therapeutic effects through several mechanisms. In treating VVC, for instance, it acts by disrupting the growth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, through its antifungal properties. Boric acid inhibits hyphal growth, a critical virulence factor in Candida infections, and interferes with the metabolism of NAD-dependent enzymes in mitochondria, effectively killing fungal cells^[4].

In bacterial infections such as BV, boric acid inhibits biofilm formation, which is a major reason for bacterial persistence and resistance in chronic cases.^[5] Additionally, boric acid has been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, without promoting the development of resistance, a significant advantage over traditional antibiotics.

What is the mechanism of action of Boric Acid?

Mechanism	Description
Antifungal	Inhibits hyphal growth in Candida species and interferes with mitochondrial enzymes, leading to fungal cell death.^{3.0.CO;2-6″ data-link-name=” Boric acid vaginal suppositories: a brief review” data-date=”Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(4):191-4″ data-review-link=”https://microbiomesignatures.com/research-feeds/boric-acid-vaginal-suppositories-a-brief-review/” href=”#prutting-s-1746120416043″ class=”rgbc-reference”>[x]}
Antibacterial	Inhibits biofilm formation in Gardnerella vaginalis and other bacteria.^[6][7]
Anti-inflammatory	Boric acid can significantly modulate the cytokines that are involved in inflammatory stress.^[8][9][10]

Microbial Implications

Boric acid supports the growth of Lactobacillus species in the vagina by creating an environment that is conducive to their survival while inhibiting the growth of competing pathogens. like Candida and Gardnerella. This restoration of microbial balance is crucial for long-term health and infection prevention.^[11]

Additionally, boric acid has been noted to reduce the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen commonly found in diabetic foot infections, by inhibiting biofilm production and bacterial growth.^[12]

Microbial Implications of Boric Acid

Microbe	Effect of Boric Acid
Candida albicans	Inhibits growth, particularly hyphal formation, reducing pathogenicity.^[13]
Gardnerella vaginalis	Reduces bacterial load, helping restore healthy vaginal flora.^[14]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Inhibits biofilm formation and bacterial growth, especially in diabetic foot infections.^[15]
Lactobacillus species	Promotes growth, enhancing beneficial microbial balance in the vagina.^[16]

Conditions

Boric acid has shown efficacy in treating a variety of conditions, primarily those involving microbial infections in the vaginal area. The table below summarizes boric acid’s validation in treating these conditions.

Condition	Validation Status	Clinical Insights
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)	Validated	Boric acid is effective, particularly in azole-resistant cases. It is often used for 10–14 days and can be part of maintenance therapy.^[17]
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)	Validated	When used alongside antibiotics like metronidazole, boric acid shows promise in reducing recurrence rates.^[18][19][20]
Trichomoniasis	Promising	Boric acid has shown effectiveness in treating Trichomoniasis, especially in cases that are refractory to standard treatments like metronidazole.^[21]
Diabetic Foot Infections	Promising	In vitro studies show boric acid’s effectiveness in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a key pathogen in diabetic foot ulcers.^[22]
Inflammation (including Periodontitis)	Promising	Boric acid has shown anti-inflammatory properties, which may help in conditions like periodontitis.^[23] It works by reducing local inflammation and modulating immune responses.^[24][25]

Clinical Evidence

Clinical evidence supports the efficacy of boric acid in treating recurrent VVC, BV, and certain resistant infections. Studies have shown that intravaginal boric acid at 600 mg daily for 7-14 days provides an average cure rate of 76% for non-albicans Candida infections.^[26][27] Long-term use for maintenance therapy has been effective in preventing recurrence. Boric Acid regimens lasting up to 13 months demonstrate high patient satisfaction and minimal side effects. In BV, boric acid reduces relapse rates when used as part of a combined treatment or as a standalone option for recurrent cases.^[28][29] It also shows promise in treating Trichomoniasis, especially in refractory cases, and is beneficial in managing diabetic foot infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.^[30] Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and ability to restore microbial balance in the vaginal microbiome make it a valuable option for chronic and recurrent infections.

Dosage

Boric acid (BA) is used in varying dosages depending on the condition being treated. For recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), 600 mg is administered intravaginally once daily for 7-14 days, with maintenance doses of 600 mg 2-3 times per week for chronic cases.^[31] In bacterial vaginosis (BV), BA is typically given at 600 mg daily for 10-14 days, followed by maintenance doses 2-3 times per week.^[32] For Trichomoniasis, BA is used at 600 mg twice daily for up to a month, often alongside other antimicrobial treatments.^[33] In diabetic foot infections, BA is applied topically in concentrations of 25-100 mg/l, particularly for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.^[34] For inflammations, particularly periodontitis, a 1-2% boric acid solution is used topically or as a mouthwash solution to reduce inflammation and bacterial load.^[35][36] These dosages vary based on individual clinical needs and responses.

Safety

Boric acid is generally considered safe for vaginal use, but its use is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential toxicity. Common side effects include mild vaginal irritation and discharge, though these are rare.^[37] The adverse effects reported most frequently are mild and include watery discharge, erythema, and a burning sensation; also, a partner reported a gritty sensation with intercourse during the treatment period. Although intravaginal boric acid has been reported to be safe when used for short periods, extended use should be monitored by healthcare providers to ensure that there are no adverse effects from prolonged exposure, particularly regarding systemic absorption.^[38] Boric acid remains a valuable therapeutic option, particularly for cases of VVC, BV, and certain bacterial infections resistant to conventional therapies.

FAQs

How does boric acid influence the vaginal microbiome, and what role does it play in maintaining microbial harmony?

Boric acid plays a fascinating role in regulating the vaginal microbiome. By lowering the vaginal pH, boric acid creates an environment that promotes the growth of Lactobacillus species, the beneficial bacteria that naturally protect the vagina from infections. This acidification helps maintain a healthy microbial ecosystem, preventing the overgrowth of harmful pathogens like Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis. In fact, its antimicrobial properties are so effective that boric acid is often used as a second-line treatment for recurrent infections, especially when traditional antibiotics fail. The interplay between boric acid and the microbiome is a perfect example of how targeted interventions, like microbiome-based therapeutic interventions (MBTI), can restore microbial balance and improve health outcomes, especially in conditions like bacterial vaginosis and recurrent yeast infections.

Research Feed

December 1, 2019

•

What was Studied?

This study examined the use of intravaginal boric acid (BA) maintenance therapy in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (rVVC) and recurrent bacterial vaginosis (rBV). The researchers performed a retrospective chart review to evaluate clinicians' approaches to prescribing BA for these conditions, focusing on dosage, duration of use, patient satisfaction, and side effects. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness, tolerability, and satisfaction of long-term BA therapy in real-world clinical settings.

Who was Studied?

The study reviewed the medical records of 78 patients from a Johns Hopkins University-affiliated outpatient gynecology clinic. These patients were prescribed intravaginal BA for either rVVC, rBV, or both conditions. The patients were selected based on specific criteria, including multiple visits where BA usage was documented, and those who were prescribed a long-term BA regimen (more than a month). Patients were excluded if there was insufficient documentation regarding the initiation or duration of BA use.

What were the Most Important Findings?

The study revealed that maintenance therapy with intravaginal boric acid was commonly prescribed for rVVC and rBV, with an average duration of use estimated at 13.3 months. A significant portion of patients (37.2%) used BA for a year or more, with some patients continuing therapy for more than three years. The treatment regimen typically included a 7-14 day induction phase with BA, followed by a maintenance phase where patients used 300mg or 600mg of BA 2-3 times per week.

Despite the lack of long-term safety data, the study found high patient satisfaction with BA therapy (76.9%), though a small number of patients (16.7%) were dissatisfied, typically due to continued or worsening symptoms. The study also indicated that patients with rVVC were more likely to receive BA as part of an antifungal induction regimen, while patients with rBV were often prescribed antibiotics in addition to BA. Side effects were rare, with a few patients reporting vaginal irritation or leaking, but these effects were generally manageable.

What are the Implications of this Study?

This study provides real-world evidence supporting the use of intravaginal boric acid as a long-term treatment for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Despite the absence of large-scale prospective studies, the findings suggest that BA is well-tolerated over extended periods and that it may be an effective option for women with azole-resistant infections. This study's insights into patient satisfaction, side effects, and clinical practice could inform future treatment guidelines and clinical trials for rVVC and rBV. However, more robust, prospective studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and long-term safety of BA maintenance therapy and to compare it with other available treatments.

June 10, 2024

•

What was studied?

The study focused on the use of boric acid as a treatment for various types of microbial vaginitis, specifically vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV), and trichomoniasis. Researchers aimed to compare its efficacy with conventional treatments and determine its potential as an alternative or supplementary therapy.

Who was studied?

This review evaluated clinical trials, observational studies, and interventional studies, including case series and reports. It did not focus on a single group of patients but instead summarized findings from various studies involving individuals with VVC, BV, and trichomoniasis. The studies reviewed ranged from those using boric acid for mycotic vaginitis to those evaluating its effect on bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.

What were the most important findings?

The systematic review revealed that boric acid (BA) demonstrated a promising efficacy profile in treating vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), particularly in cases caused by Candida glabrata, which is resistant to azole treatments. The review found an average cure rate of 76% for VVC treated with BA. For recurrent bacterial vaginosis, BA combined with 5-nitroimidazole showed effective control, with promising results for reducing relapses. Maintenance therapy with BA also showed similar efficacy to oral itraconazole for VVC and BV, suggesting it may serve as an alternative for managing these conditions. For Trichomonas vaginalis, prolonged boric acid monotherapy cured a substantial portion of patients with recurrent infections, although the exact regimen still requires further research. The study found that the adverse events associated with boric acid treatment were minimal, with a 7.3% occurrence of mild, temporary side effects.

What are the implications of this study?

The rising antimicrobial resistance in vaginitis pathogens, especially those resistant to conventional treatments such as azoles and metronidazole, makes boric acid an appealing alternative. Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, including the inhibition of biofilm formation, makes it a strong candidate for treating persistent and recurrent infections. The study suggests that boric acid could be integrated into treatment regimens for patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis, offering an option for cases resistant to other therapies.

January 20, 2016

•

What was reviewed?

The paper provides a comprehensive review of bacterial vaginosis (BV), its association with biofilm formation, and challenges related to current treatment strategies. The review explores the microbial composition of BV, focusing on the primary pathogen, Gardnerella vaginalis, and the complex nature of BV biofilms, which contribute to the high recurrence rates of the infection. The review presents emerging therapeutic alternatives targeting BV biofilms, including natural antimicrobial agents and biofilm disruptors.

Who was reviewed?

The review examined various studies, clinical trials, and scientific literature that explored the microbial nature of bacterial vaginosis (BV), focusing on biofilm formation and its implications for treatment. It also reviewed the role of G. vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of BV, along with current and emerging treatment strategies targeting these biofilms. The review synthesized information from studies that investigated the efficacy of traditional therapies, such as metronidazole and clindamycin, as well as novel biofilm-disrupting agents like DNases, probiotics, and plant-derived antimicrobials.

What were the most important findings?

The review emphasizes the polymicrobial nature of bacterial vaginosis, with a marked decrease in beneficial lactobacilli species and an increase in anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp., Bacteroides spp., and Prevotella spp. A major highlight of the paper is the critical role of biofilms in BV pathogenesis, as these microbial communities exhibit significant resistance to conventional antibiotic treatments like metronidazole. This biofilm formation creates a dense matrix that protects the bacteria from immune system clearance and limits the effectiveness of standard therapies. Biofilms composed primarily of G. vaginalis are particularly resilient, contributing to treatment failure and the recurrence of BV. The review further discusses how researchers are exploring novel therapies, such as DNases, retrocyclins, probiotics, and plant-derived antimicrobials, to overcome biofilm-related antibiotic resistance. The paper also identifies the need for more research into multi-species biofilm interactions to develop more effective treatments for BV.

What are the implications of this review?

The implications of this review are significant for the clinical management of BV. The findings highlight the need for new treatment strategies that can specifically target biofilms, which are a major obstacle to the eradication of BV. Given the high recurrence rates of BV despite current antibiotic therapies, exploring alternative treatments that can disrupt biofilm structures, such as biofilm disruptors and natural antimicrobials, is essential. Clinicians may benefit from being aware of emerging treatments that could offer better outcomes, particularly for recurrent BV cases that do not respond well to standard treatments. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of considering the entire microbiome, including lactobacilli, when developing treatment plans to ensure that therapies do not disrupt the beneficial microbial community, which is crucial for vaginal health.

January 15, 2021

•

What was studied?

This study investigated the in vitro efficacy of boric acid as an antiseptic agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from diabetic foot infections. The research aimed to determine whether boric acid could serve as a viable alternative for local wound treatment, particularly given the rising issue of antibiotic resistance in diabetic foot infections. Researchers prepared various concentrations of boric acid and tested them on 25 P. aeruginosa strains, evaluating bacterial growth suppression across different boric acid levels.

Who was studied?

The study focused on 25 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from patients with diabetic foot infections between January 2010 and June 2015. Each isolate came from a distinct patient, ensuring no duplication of data. These strains represented a typical clinical cohort where P. aeruginosa plays a significant role in complicating wound healing due to its robust antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming abilities.

What were the most important findings?

The study demonstrated that boric acid has a notable inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa in vitro. Specifically, no bacterial growth was observed at boric acid concentrations of 25 mg/l or higher, establishing this as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) required to suppress P. aeruginosa. At lower concentrations, varying degrees of bacterial growth persisted, with complete growth seen at 1.6 mg/l and partial suppression at intermediary levels. Importantly, the P. aeruginosa strains exhibited high resistance to common antibiotics such as cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and netilmicin, underscoring the challenge of treating these infections. This research adds to the growing recognition that specific microbial pathogens like P. aeruginosa, often part of the wound microbiome in diabetic foot infections, can be targeted with non-antibiotic antiseptic strategies. The study reinforces boric acid’s broad antimicrobial properties, which extend to inhibiting bacterial growth and potentially biofilm formation, an essential consideration in chronic wound care.

What are the greatest implications of this study?

The study’s findings suggest that boric acid could offer a cost-effective and practical alternative for local wound care, particularly in settings where antibiotic resistance is prevalent and access to advanced antimicrobial agents is limited. With its confirmed MIC of 25 mg/l against P. aeruginosa, boric acid emerges as a promising agent for reducing bacterial load in diabetic foot infections, potentially improving healing outcomes and reducing reliance on systemic antibiotics. The implications are particularly significant for resource-constrained environments and for addressing the growing crisis of antibiotic resistance. Additionally, because boric acid is well tolerated on intact skin and has a long history of use, its reintroduction into wound care protocols could complement current treatment regimens, helping bridge the gap between conventional antibiotics and effective wound management strategies.

August 19, 1998

•

What was reviewed?

This was a review of boric acid vaginal suppositories and their applications, particularly in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (vaginal infections caused by yeast) and other forms of vaginitis.

Who was reviewed?

The review examined several studies and case reports that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of boric acid vaginal suppositories in treating various types of vaginal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species.

What were the most important findings?

The review highlighted boric acid as a potentially useful treatment for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, especially in cases where infections are resistant to common antifungal treatments, such as azoles. It was found that boric acid could be effective in treating infections caused by azole-resistant strains, including Candida glabrata and non-Candida albicans species. The antifungal activity of boric acid is thought to be due to its ability to disrupt the fungal cell membrane, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. In addition, while boric acid is generally well-tolerated in short-term use, its long-term safety remains uncertain. Studies indicated that it is not recommended as a first-line treatment, especially in uncomplicated cases, but could serve as an alternative for chronic or resistant infections. The review also found that boric acid has a low risk of systemic absorption when used intravaginally, with blood boron levels remaining low and within safe limits after typical treatment courses.

What are the greatest implications of this review?

The review suggests that boric acid could be a valuable option for treating chronic and azole-resistant forms of vaginitis, particularly when other antifungal treatments fail. This has important clinical implications for managing recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, as the increasing resistance to conventional antifungals presents a significant challenge. However, clinicians are advised to use boric acid cautiously, particularly in pregnant and lactating women, due to the lack of sufficient safety data. While it may not be suitable as a first-line treatment for all cases of vaginitis, it presents an alternative for more difficult-to-treat infections, especially in immunocompromised patients or those with antibiotic resistance.

January 17, 2025

What was reviewed?

This was a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the therapeutic potential of boric acid as a local drug delivery agent in the treatment of periodontitis. The review evaluated the effects of subgingival boric acid application combined with non-surgical periodontal therapy, specifically examining its impact on periodontal parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI).

Who was reviewed?

The review assessed randomized controlled trials involving individuals diagnosed with periodontitis. The studies included participants aged 18-65, with a focus on the effects of boric acid applied locally as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (scaling and root planing, or SRP) in managing periodontal disease.

What were the most important findings?

The review revealed that boric acid, when used as a local adjunctive therapy to SRP, showed significant improvements in clinical outcomes over time, particularly in reducing probing pocket depth (PPD) and increasing clinical attachment level (CAL). These improvements were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Specifically, at 6 months, the boric acid treatment group demonstrated a significant reduction in PPD and a significant increase in CAL compared to the control group. In contrast, no significant effects were found on the gingival index (GI) at any follow-up period, which may indicate limited effects on gingival inflammation. The review highlighted that boric acid’s antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties likely contributed to the positive effects on periodontal health, particularly in controlling periodontal pathogens and enhancing tissue regeneration.

What are the greatest implications of this review?

The greatest implication of this review is the potential for boric acid to serve as a valuable adjunct in periodontal treatment, particularly for patients who exhibit inadequate responses to conventional therapies. By improving PPD and CAL, boric acid offers a promising alternative or complement to existing treatments, with the added benefit of addressing microbial load and inflammation in periodontal tissues. The findings support the clinical application of boric acid, especially in resource-limited settings, where its low cost and favorable safety profile make it an accessible treatment option. However, the review also emphasizes the need for further research to standardize treatment protocols and optimize the formulation of boric acid for periodontal use.

References

Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis.. Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Boric acid vaginal suppositories: a brief review. Prutting SM, Cerveny JD.. (Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(4):191-4)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis. . Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N.. (Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 20;6:1528.)
Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N.. (Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 20;6:1528.)
Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Boric Acid in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation in Rat Model. Gundogdu, K., Gundogdu, G., Demirkaya Miloglu, F. et al.. (Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 2744–2754 (2024))
Therapeutic potential of boric acid as a local drug delivery agent in periodontitis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.. Abdel-Fatah R, Elhusseiny GA, Saleh W.. (BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jan 17;25(1):88)
Boric acid alleviates periodontal inflammation induced by IL-1β in human gingival fibroblasts. Bozkurt, S. B., Hakki, S. S., & Nielsen, F. H. (2024). (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 84, 127466)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis.. Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Investigation of In Vitro Efficacy of Boric Acid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot. PİRHAN Y, CİHANGİROĞLU M.. (Infections. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob. 2021 Jan;10(1):1-1.)
Boric acid vaginal suppositories: a brief review. Prutting SM, Cerveny JD.. (Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(4):191-4)
Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N.. (Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 20;6:1528.)
Investigation of In Vitro Efficacy of Boric Acid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot. PİRHAN Y, CİHANGİROĞLU M.. (Infections. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob. 2021 Jan;10(1):1-1.)
Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N.. (Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 20;6:1528.)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis.. Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N.. (Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 20;6:1528.)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis.. Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Successful Treatment of Persistent 5-Nitroimidazole-Resistant Trichomoniasis With an Extended Course of Oral Secnidazole Plus Intravaginal Boric Acid. McNeil CJ, Williamson JC, Muzny CA.. (Sex Transm Dis. 2023 Apr 1;50(4):243-246)
Investigation of In Vitro Efficacy of Boric Acid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot. PİRHAN Y, CİHANGİROĞLU M.. (Infections. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob. 2021 Jan;10(1):1-1.)
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Boric Acid in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation in Rat Model. Gundogdu, K., Gundogdu, G., Demirkaya Miloglu, F. et al.. (Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 2744–2754 (2024))
Boric acid alleviates periodontal inflammation induced by IL-1β in human gingival fibroblasts. Bozkurt, S. B., Hakki, S. S., & Nielsen, F. H. (2024). (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 84, 127466)
Therapeutic potential of boric acid as a local drug delivery agent in periodontitis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.. Abdel-Fatah R, Elhusseiny GA, Saleh W.. (BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jan 17;25(1):88)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis.. Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Bacterial Vaginosis Biofilms: Challenges to Current Therapies and Emerging Solutions. Machado D, Castro J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Cerca N.. (Front Microbiol. 2016 Jan 20;6:1528.)
Successful Treatment of Persistent 5-Nitroimidazole-Resistant Trichomoniasis With an Extended Course of Oral Secnidazole Plus Intravaginal Boric Acid. McNeil CJ, Williamson JC, Muzny CA.. (Sex Transm Dis. 2023 Apr 1;50(4):243-246)
Clinicians’ Use of Intravaginal Boric Acid Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Bacterial Vaginosis.. Powell A, Ghanem KG, Rogers L, Zinalabedini A, Brotman RM, Zenilman J, Tuddenham S.. (Sexually Transmitted Diseases 46(12):p 810-812, December 2019.)
Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Successful Treatment of Persistent 5-Nitroimidazole-Resistant Trichomoniasis With an Extended Course of Oral Secnidazole Plus Intravaginal Boric Acid. McNeil CJ, Williamson JC, Muzny CA.. (Sex Transm Dis. 2023 Apr 1;50(4):243-246)
Investigation of In Vitro Efficacy of Boric Acid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot. PİRHAN Y, CİHANGİROĞLU M.. (Infections. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob. 2021 Jan;10(1):1-1.)
Therapeutic potential of boric acid as a local drug delivery agent in periodontitis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.. Abdel-Fatah R, Elhusseiny GA, Saleh W.. (BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jan 17;25(1):88)
Boric acid alleviates periodontal inflammation induced by IL-1β in human gingival fibroblasts. Bozkurt, S. B., Hakki, S. S., & Nielsen, F. H. (2024). (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 84, 127466)
Boric Acid for the Treatment of Vaginitis: New Possibilities Using an Old Anti-Infective Agent: A Systematic Review. Lærkeholm Müller, Matilde, Damsted Petersen, Christina, Saunte, Ditte Marie L.,. (Dermatologic Therapy, 2024, 2807070, 19 pages, 2024.)
Boric acid vaginal suppositories: a brief review. Prutting SM, Cerveny JD.. (Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(4):191-4)

Associated Conditions
- Bacterial Vaginosis

Join the Roundtable

Contribute to published consensus reports, connect with top clinicians and researchers, and receive exclusive invitations to roundtable conferences.

Yes, I want to help shape the future of microbiome medicine.

Boric Acid

Welcome back! 👋

Create your account

Forgot Password

Overview

Mechanisms of Action

Microbial Implications

Conditions

Clinical Evidence

Dosage

Safety

FAQs

Research Feed

What was Studied?

Who was Studied?

What were the Most Important Findings?

What are the Implications of this Study?

What was studied?

Who was studied?

What were the most important findings?

What are the implications of this study?

What was reviewed?

Who was reviewed?

What were the most important findings?

What are the implications of this review?

What was studied?

Who was studied?

What were the most important findings?

What are the greatest implications of this study?

What was reviewed?

Who was reviewed?

What were the most important findings?

What are the greatest implications of this review?

What was reviewed?

Who was reviewed?

What were the most important findings?

What are the greatest implications of this review?

References

What's on your mind?