Diagnosis and Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea Original paper
Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read MoreI am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
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Women’s Health
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
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Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps without underlying pelvic pathology, predominantly caused by elevated prostaglandins inducing uterine contractions and ischemia. Managing primary dysmenorrhea (PD) requires understanding its complex mechanisms involving prostaglandins, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatments include NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and promising complementary options like probiotics, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and massage, significantly improving women's quality of life.
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Divine Aleru
Read More
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read More
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
What was studied?
The article discusses primary dysmenorrhea, a prevalent and often underdiagnosed condition characterized by recurrent, crampy lower abdominal pain during menstruation. This condition is typically associated with the release of excess prostanoids during endometrial sloughing, which causes myometrial hypercontractility and resulting pain. The paper also addresses the physical, emotional, and economic impacts of dysmenorrhea and reviews both diagnostic and management strategies. Emphasis is placed on the identification and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea while ruling out secondary causes, such as endometriosis or fibroids, that can mimic its symptoms.
Who was studied?
The article refers to a wide range of women experiencing primary dysmenorrhea, with a focus on adolescents and women aged 14 to 20, as this group often experiences significant absenteeism from school and work due to the condition. The study outlines the symptoms, physical findings, and the impact of the disorder on quality of life. Women of all ages who report menstrual pain are included in the general study population, with a particular focus on those whose symptoms do not stem from other gynecologic or non-gynecologic conditions.
Most important findings
The study finds that primary dysmenorrhea is associated with higher levels of prostaglandins, which are linked to uterine muscle contractions, ischemia, and pain. The pain and associated symptoms, such as nausea and diarrhea, peak around the time of menstruation and typically resolve after 2–3 days. The article stresses the significant negative impact on daily activities and overall quality of life, noting that many women fail to seek medical help due to the normalization of menstrual pain. Treatments such as NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives have been shown to effectively reduce symptoms, but a portion of women (up to 18%) remain resistant to NSAID therapy. The study also highlights the need for further research, especially on the central nervous system changes that may underlie the condition.
Key implications
Primary dysmenorrhea is a chronic condition with considerable impacts on women’s quality of life. It is often underdiagnosed, as women tend to normalize the pain and delay seeking treatment. There is a need for increased awareness among clinicians to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, which includes NSAIDs and hormonal therapies. Further research on the role of the central nervous system in dysmenorrhea is needed to explore potential avenues for targeted therapies.
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps without underlying pelvic pathology, predominantly caused by elevated prostaglandins inducing uterine contractions and ischemia. Managing primary dysmenorrhea (PD) requires understanding its complex mechanisms involving prostaglandins, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatments include NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and promising complementary options like probiotics, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and massage, significantly improving women's quality of life.