Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Hispanic Female Adolescent Original paper
Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read MoreI am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
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Women’s Health
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
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Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps without underlying pelvic pathology, predominantly caused by elevated prostaglandins inducing uterine contractions and ischemia. Managing primary dysmenorrhea (PD) requires understanding its complex mechanisms involving prostaglandins, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatments include NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and promising complementary options like probiotics, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and massage, significantly improving women's quality of life.
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Divine Aleru
Read More
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read More
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
What was studied?
This review article examines primary dysmenorrhea (PD), a common gynecological condition characterized by painful uterine cramps that occur during menstruation in the absence of pelvic pathology. The study highlights the pathophysiology of PD, which involves the increased secretion of prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) and E2 (PGE2) during the endometrial sloughing phase of menstruation. These prostaglandins trigger uterine contractions and ischemia, causing pain. The article also explores the various physical and psychological symptoms that accompany PD, including headache, nausea, mood disturbances, and fatigue. Additionally, the review covers the impact of PD on the quality of life (QOL) and the effectiveness of different treatment options, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.
Who was studied?
The article focuses on females of reproductive age, particularly young women aged 18–24, who are most commonly affected by primary dysmenorrhea. PD is often underdiagnosed as many women perceive menstrual pain as a normal part of menstruation and do not seek medical help. The study emphasizes the significant negative impact that PD has on the daily lives of these women, including high rates of absenteeism from school or work, reduced productivity, and a lower quality of life. The review provides insights based on various studies conducted across different populations, including young females from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Most important findings
The pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea is mainly driven by elevated levels of prostaglandins, particularly PGF2α and PGE2, which increase myometrial contractions and cause uterine ischemia. This leads to the hyper-sensitization of pain fibers, resulting in menstrual pain. The article also highlights that PD affects a large percentage of women, with 45% to 95% of females in reproductive age experiencing the condition, and 2% to 29% suffering from severe pain. The impact of PD on quality of life is significant, as it contributes to high absenteeism rates from school and work, as well as a decrease in productivity. For treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal contraceptives are the first-line options, both of which aim to reduce prostaglandin production. Non-pharmacological interventions like exercise and heat therapy have also been shown to reduce menstrual pain, although evidence on their efficacy is mixed.
Key implications
Primary dysmenorrhea is a widespread and underrecognized condition that significantly impairs the quality of life for many young women. Clinicians must be more proactive in diagnosing and managing PD, offering effective treatment options tailored to individual patient needs. NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives remain the primary therapies, but non-pharmacological treatments, such as heat therapy and exercise, can be beneficial adjuncts. Furthermore, educating patients about PD, its treatment options, and encouraging shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers is essential for optimizing patient satisfaction and treatment adherence.
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps without underlying pelvic pathology, predominantly caused by elevated prostaglandins inducing uterine contractions and ischemia. Managing primary dysmenorrhea (PD) requires understanding its complex mechanisms involving prostaglandins, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatments include NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and promising complementary options like probiotics, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and massage, significantly improving women's quality of life.