Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment Original paper
Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read MoreI am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
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Women’s Health
Women’s Health
Women’s health, a vital aspect of medical science, encompasses various conditions unique to women’s physiological makeup. Historically, women were often excluded from clinical research, leading to a gap in understanding the intricacies of women’s health needs. However, recent advancements have highlighted the significant role that the microbiome plays in these conditions, offering new insights and potential therapies. MicrobiomeSignatures.com is at the forefront of exploring the microbiome signature of each of these conditions to unravel the etiology of these diseases and develop targeted microbiome therapies.
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Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps without underlying pelvic pathology, predominantly caused by elevated prostaglandins inducing uterine contractions and ischemia. Managing primary dysmenorrhea (PD) requires understanding its complex mechanisms involving prostaglandins, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatments include NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and promising complementary options like probiotics, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and massage, significantly improving women's quality of life.
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Divine Aleru
Read More
Researched by:
-
Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read More
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
What was studied?
This article examines primary dysmenorrhea, a common gynecological condition that causes pain before or during menstruation, in the absence of pelvic pathology. The study investigates the pathophysiology, including the overproduction of prostaglandins by the endometrium, which causes uterine hypercontractility and resulting ischemia. The article explores the implications of dysmenorrhea on quality of life, including its association with school and work absenteeism, and evaluates the effectiveness of various treatment approaches, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal contraceptives, and alternative therapies like acupuncture, acupressure, and lifestyle modifications.
Who was studied?
The review focuses on women in their reproductive years who experience primary dysmenorrhea. It highlights that dysmenorrhea is particularly prevalent in women aged 17–24, with symptoms often emerging around 6 months after menarche. The study also notes that many women do not seek medical help due to the normalization of menstrual pain. Therefore, the condition is often underreported, with only a small percentage of women consulting healthcare providers. The article stresses the impact of dysmenorrhea on daily activities, sleep, concentration, and work, as well as its link to psychological stress.
Most important findings
The article underscores the pathophysiological role of prostaglandins, specifically prostaglandin F2α and E2, in the development of primary dysmenorrhea. These prostaglandins induce uterine contractions and ischemia, leading to pain. The review also highlights the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, which affects a significant number of menstruating women. Its impact on quality of life is profound, as dysmenorrhea can lead to school absenteeism, decreased productivity, and sleep disturbances. NSAIDs are considered first-line treatment as they reduce prostaglandin production, while hormonal contraceptives help by reducing menstrual flow and prostaglandin secretion. For women who are unable to use conventional treatments, alternative therapies such as lifestyle changes, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), acupuncture, and dietary supplements may offer relief.
Key implications
Primary dysmenorrhea remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, particularly in young women who may not seek medical advice. Clinicians should be proactive in diagnosing and managing dysmenorrhea, considering both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. While NSAIDs and hormonal contraceptives are highly effective, alternative treatments should be explored for those who cannot tolerate these options. There is a need for greater education about the condition to reduce its impact on women’s lives and increase timely intervention.
Primary Dysmenorrhea
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is painful menstrual cramps without underlying pelvic pathology, predominantly caused by elevated prostaglandins inducing uterine contractions and ischemia. Managing primary dysmenorrhea (PD) requires understanding its complex mechanisms involving prostaglandins, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatments include NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and promising complementary options like probiotics, vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and massage, significantly improving women's quality of life.