Revisiting the Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oils on the Oral Microbiome Original paper
Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
I am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
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Divine Aleru
Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
What was reviewed?
This review examined scientific evidence regarding the therapeutic effects of essential oils (EOs) on the oral microbiome. It focused on EOs’ antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting their potential as alternative therapies in dentistry. The review also considered general properties of EOs, including their chemical compositions, extraction methods, therapeutic applications in dentistry, and potential toxicities.
Who was reviewed?
The review concentrated primarily on common oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Additionally, various essential oils were reviewed, notably Clove, Lavender, Cinnamon, Eucalyptus, Thyme, Tea Tree, and Citrus oils, among others.
What were the most important findings?
The review identified significant therapeutic potential of EOs in dentistry, emphasizing their ability to combat oral pathogens responsible for cavities, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral cancer. Major microbial associations highlighted include the inhibition of S. mutans and S. sobrinus by Cinnamon and Eucalyptus oils, significant antifungal activity against C. albicans by Clove and Cinnamon oils, and the general antibiofilm effects of Lavender and Lemongrass oils against periodontal pathogens like P. gingivalis. Furthermore, these EOs have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation, thus improving oral health. Specific active compounds within these oils, such as thymol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, linalool, and pinene, were identified as responsible for their antimicrobial properties. The review also acknowledged the side effects and toxicities of certain essential oils, stressing the need for controlled usage and further clinical evaluations.
What are the greatest implications of this review?
The most significant implication is the potential use of EOs as viable alternatives or adjunctive therapies to traditional antibiotics in dental practice, particularly considering the increasing resistance of oral pathogens to conventional treatments. By integrating EOs into clinical protocols, dentists can offer safer, natural treatment options that mitigate antibiotic resistance, reduce inflammation, and control oral microbial populations. However, the review emphasizes the necessity of extensive clinical trials to confirm the efficacy, safety, and optimal therapeutic concentrations of these oils before their routine clinical application can be fully recommended.
Essential Oils
Essential oils are powerful natural substances that can modulate the gut microbiome, offering therapeutic benefits such as enhanced digestion, reduced inflammation, and improved immune function. With antimicrobial properties that selectively target harmful bacteria while promoting beneficial gut microbes, EOs like oregano, tea tree, and peppermint are emerging as effective interventions for optimizing health. However, safe application is crucial to avoid potential risks, including skin irritation and interactions with medications. Understanding the proper use of EOs ensures their effectiveness in supporting a balanced microbiome and overall well-being.