The impact of photobiomodulation of major salivary glands on caries risk

What was studied? 

The study explored the impact of photobiomodulation therapy using different types of light on the major salivary glands and its subsequent effects on caries risk factors in individuals with high risk for dental caries. The therapy modalities tested included polarized polychromatic light, continuous LED light, and pulsed LED light, each aiming to modify salivary parameters known to influence caries development, such as bacterial counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, salivary flow, and buffering capacity.

Who was studied? 

The subjects of this study were thirty-six patients identified as having a high risk for dental caries. These individuals were randomly assigned to one of four groups, with three groups receiving distinct light treatments and one group serving as a control that was exposed to non-therapeutic visible light. The study’s interventions were applied extra-orally and intra-orally over multiple sessions spanning a four-week period.

What were the most important findings?  

The study’s findings revealed significant improvements in caries risk factors for the groups treated with light therapies. Notably, there was a reduction in the bacterial counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, and enhancements in both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow and buffering capacity in the groups exposed to light therapy, with statistically significant changes observed. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in the control group.

What are the greatest implications of this study?

The greatest implications of this study are its contributions to the field of non-invasive dental treatments and the potential for reducing caries risk through such innovative approaches. By demonstrating that photobiomodulation can effectively decrease the levels of cariogenic bacteria and enhance salivary function, the study supports the broader application of light therapy in preventive dental care, particularly for patients at high risk of caries. This could lead to more targeted, conservative, and effective management strategies for dental caries, aligning with broader preventive healthcare goals.