The Importance of Nutrition in Menopause and Perimenopause—A Review Original paper

What was studied?

The article provides a review on the importance of nutrition during perimenopause and menopause. It focuses on the role of diet in managing menopausal symptoms and preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes, which are commonly observed during this life stage. The review outlines the dietary strategies for managing weight gain, metabolic changes, and addressing nutrient deficiencies, while also highlighting key nutrients like vitamin D, calcium, and protein, which play vital roles in the health of menopausal women. It emphasizes the significance of a balanced diet and personalized nutrition counseling to improve health outcomes during this phase of life.

Who was studied?

The review discussed studies involving women in the perimenopausal and menopausal stages, primarily those aged 40 to 60 years, experiencing typical menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and weight gain. These women were observed for their nutritional intake and the impact of dietary changes on their health, particularly focusing on obesity, cardiovascular risks, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes. The review also considered women with specific conditions, including hormone-sensitive breast cancer, to explore dietary recommendations that help reduce symptom severity and disease progression in this demographic.

Most important findings

The review found that dietary modifications play a crucial role in managing the symptoms of menopause. Increased physical activity combined with a balanced diet can reduce the risk of chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Key nutrients, particularly vitamin D, calcium, B vitamins, and protein, were found to be essential for bone health and maintaining muscle mass. The Mediterranean diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, and healthy fats, was highlighted as particularly beneficial in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome, controlling weight, and improving overall menopausal health. The review also stressed that proper hydration, including adequate fluid intake, is critical for maintaining metabolic functions, regulating heat balance, and supporting overall health. Additionally, it was noted that reducing calorie intake and incorporating fiber-rich foods, such as legumes and whole grains, help manage weight and support metabolic processes.

Key implications

The findings suggest that nutrition plays a pivotal role in alleviating menopausal symptoms and preventing associated chronic conditions. Clinicians should incorporate nutritional counseling into the management of menopausal women, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet rich in key vitamins and minerals. Since obesity and metabolic disorders are prevalent during this period, dietary interventions targeting weight management, such as reducing caloric intake and increasing fiber, are crucial. Furthermore, ensuring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D can help prevent osteoporosis and other bone-related issues. Women in menopause should be encouraged to adopt a holistic lifestyle approach, combining a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep to optimize their health and quality of life.