Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is closely linked to disruptions in the vaginal microbiome. Probiotics restore microbial balance, reduce inflammation, and validate PID’s microbiome signature. By targeting both pathogens and immune responses, probiotics emerge as a dual-purpose solution: a proven therapy and a diagnostic enhancer in PID care.
Validation of Probiotics as a Microbiome-targeted intervention for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
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Divine Aleru
Read MoreI am a biochemist with a deep curiosity for the human microbiome and how it shapes human health, and I enjoy making microbiome science more accessible through research and writing. With 2 years experience in microbiome research, I have curated microbiome studies, analyzed microbial signatures, and now focus on interventions as a Microbiome Signatures and Interventions Research Coordinator.
Probiotics offer a promising microbiome-targeted intervention (BTI) for managing pelvic inflammatory disease (ID). By restoring beneficial Lactobacillus species and reducing inflammation, they directly counteract the microbial imbalances and immune dysregulation characteristic of ID. This article explores the therapeutic mechanisms of probiotics, their clinical validation, and how they reinforce the accuracy of ID’s microbiome signature as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
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Divine Aleru
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Researched by:
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Divine Aleru
ID
Divine Aleru
Read More
Microbiome Signatures identifies and validates condition-specific microbiome shifts and interventions to accelerate clinical translation. Our multidisciplinary team supports clinicians, researchers, and innovators in turning microbiome science into actionable medicine.
Divine Aleru
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References Overview
Probiotics address pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) by targeting both microbial imbalances and host inflammatory mechanisms. The therapeutic benefits of probiotics validate their role as microbiome-targeted interventions (MBTI), reinforcing the accuracy of PID’s microbiome signature. By restoring the vaginal microbiota, particularly through enhancing Lactobacillus dominance, probiotics directly counteract pathogen proliferation and reduce inflammation, thereby improving clinical outcomes.
Validation of Probiotics as an MBTI for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Probiotics exert their beneficial effects primarily by modulating the host’s immune response and altering the microbial composition in the reproductive tract. Key mechanisms include reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8, which are significant mediators in PID-related inflammation.[1] Lactobacillus strains, specifically L. brevis and L. crispatus, enhance mucosal immunity and directly inhibit pathogen adhesion and invasion, notably against Chlamydia trachomatis infections.[2] Clinically, probiotics significantly reduce symptoms such as pelvic pain and inflammation severity, offering tangible improvements in patients with PID.
Microbial Effects Summary Table
| Microbial Effects of Probiotics | Microbiome Signature of PID |
|---|---|
| Increased Lactobacillus species (e.g., L. crispatus, L. brevis) | Lactobacillus species decreased in PID |
| Decreased pathogenic taxa | Pathogenic taxa increased in PID |
| Reduced microbial diversity skewed towards pathogens | High diversity of pathogenic species and reduced lactobacilli in PID |
Validation of the Microbiome Signature of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
The microbiome signature of PID typically shows a marked depletion of protective Lactobacillus species alongside an increased abundance of pathogenic taxa like Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella spp.[3] Probiotic intervention specifically targets this dysbiosis by increasing beneficial Lactobacillus species, thereby validating the critical role of these species in maintaining vaginal health and reinforcing the microbiome signature associated with PID. This alignment between the therapeutic effects of probiotics and the known PID microbial profile confirms the clinical accuracy and diagnostic utility of the microbiome signature in PID.
Dual Validation Paragraph
The observed microbial shifts, notably the restoration of beneficial Lactobacillus populations and suppression of pathogenic taxa, alongside improved clinical outcomes such as reduced inflammation and symptom relief, validate probiotics as an effective microbiome-targeted therapy for PID. Simultaneously, these results substantiate the clinical relevance and accuracy of the microbiome signature characterized by diminished Lactobacillus species and elevated pathogens. Thus, probiotics not only affirm their role as a targeted intervention but also confirm the microbiome signature’s importance as a diagnostic and therapeutic guide for PID management.
Research Feed
Lactobacilli–lactoferrin interplay in Chlamydia trachomatis infection
May 15, 2017
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Infertility •
Infertility
Did you know?
Despite common perceptions, male factors alone are responsible for about 30% of all infertility cases and contribute to another 20% when combined with female factors. This highlights the importance of evaluating both partners in infertility assessments.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) •
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Did you know?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder linked to an increased risk of PID and that restoring Lactobacillus-dominant flora reduces this risk?
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Research Progress on the Interaction between Intestinal Flora and MicroRNA in Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
January 19, 2025
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) •
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Did you know?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder linked to an increased risk of PID and that restoring Lactobacillus-dominant flora reduces this risk?
Alias iure reprehenderit aut accusantium. Molestiae dolore suscipit. Necessitatibus eum quaerat. Repudiandae suscipit quo necessitatibus. Voluptatibus ullam nulla temporibus nobis. Atque eaque sed totam est assumenda. Porro modi soluta consequuntur veritatis excepturi minus delectus reprehenderit est. Eveniet labore ut quas minima aliquid quibusdam. Vitae possimus fuga praesentium eveniet debitis exercitationem deleniti.
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Microbiome Insiders can read two study summaries for any topic on Microbiome.
Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer significant health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They primarily work by modulating the gut microbiome, supporting a balanced microbial ecosystem. Probiotics have been shown to improve gut health, modulate immune responses, and even influence metabolic and mental health disorders. With growing evidence supporting their therapeutic potential, probiotics are increasingly recognized for their role in treating conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and even mental health conditions like depression and anxiety through their impact on the gut-brain axis.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a complex interplay between pathogens, immune responses, and microbial communities. As research continues to uncover the microbiome's role in reproductive health, microbiome-targeted interventions (MBTIs) such as probiotics, prebiotics, and transplants are redefining how we prevent and treat PID. This page dives deep into these innovations, offering a glimpse into the future of personalized, biologically informed women’s healthcare.
Microbiome-Targeted Interventions (MBTIs)
Microbiome Targeted Interventions (MBTIs) are cutting-edge treatments that utilize information from Microbiome Signatures to modulate the microbiome, revolutionizing medicine with unparalleled precision and impact.
References
- Lactobacilli–lactoferrin interplay in Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Rosa Sessa, Marisa Di Pietro, Simone Filardo, Alessia Bressan, Paola Mastromarino, Alessandra Vittoria Biasucci, Luigi Rosa, Antimo Cutone, Francesca Berlutti, Rosalba Paesano, Piera Valenti,. (Pathogens and Disease, Volume 75, Issue 5, July 2017, ftx054,)
- Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations.. Liu, P., Lu, Y., Li, R., & Chen, X. (2023).. (Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1153894.)
- Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations.. Liu, P., Lu, Y., Li, R., & Chen, X. (2023).. (Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1153894.)
Rosa Sessa, Marisa Di Pietro, Simone Filardo, Alessia Bressan, Paola Mastromarino, Alessandra Vittoria Biasucci, Luigi Rosa, Antimo Cutone, Francesca Berlutti, Rosalba Paesano, Piera Valenti,
Lactobacilli–lactoferrin interplay in Chlamydia trachomatis infectionPathogens and Disease, Volume 75, Issue 5, July 2017, ftx054,
Read ReviewLiu, P., Lu, Y., Li, R., & Chen, X. (2023).
Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1153894.
Liu, P., Lu, Y., Li, R., & Chen, X. (2023).
Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1153894.